Table 1. Characteristics of the patients (SO and NSO group).
| Characteristic | Training cohort | Validation cohort | P* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n=452) | NSO (n=370) | SO (n=82) | P | Total (n=275) | NSO (n=234) | SO (n=41) | P | |||
| Age (y), mean (SD) | 53.15 (11.70) | 52.95 (11.70) | 54.05 (11.73) | 0.456 | 54.07 (11.30) | 54.34 (11.32) | 52.51 (11.25) | 0.396 | 0.336 | |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.037 | 0.996 | 0.099 | |||||||
| Male | 386 (85.4) | 322 (87.0) | 64 (78.0) | 223 (81.1) | 189 (80.8) | 33 (80.5) | ||||
| Female | 66 (14.6) | 48 (13.0) | 18 (22.0) | 53 (19.3) | 45 (19.2) | 8 (19.5) | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.10 (3.13) | 22.49 (3.06) | 25.84 (1.59) | <0.001 | 23.42 (3.31) | 22.88 (3.26) | 26.53 (1.32) | <0.001 | 0.243 | |
| SMI (cm2/m2), mean (SD) | 47.17 (9.78) | 49.44 (9.4) | 36.92 (4.64) | <0.001 | 44.77 (9.06) | 46.47 (8.59) | 35.06 (4.58) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Diabetes | 51 (11.3) | 38 (10.3) | 13 (15.9) | 0.148 | 31 (11.3) | 23 (9.9) | 8 (19.5) | 0.072 | 0.997 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 99 (21.9) | 62 (16.8) | 37 (45.1) | <0.001 | 69 (25.1) | 59 (25.2) | 17 (41.5) | 0.032 | 0.079 | |
| WBC count (109/L), mean (SD) | 6.69 (2.56) | 6.71 (2.58) | 6.60 (2.50) | 0.724 | 6.35 (2.15) | 6.31 (2.21) | 6.61 (1.82) | 0.199 | 0.202 | |
| Neutrophil count (109/L), mean (SD) | 4.26 (2.40) | 4.32 (2.46) | 4.00 (2.06) | 0.244 | 3.89 (2.00) | 3.89 (1.99) | 3.94 (2.05) | 0.803 | 0.079 | |
| Lymphocyte count (109/L), mean (SD) | 1.79 (0.69) | 1.76 (0.73) | 1.90 (0.46) | 0.005 | 1.77 (0.63) | 1.73 (0.60) | 2.00 (0.72) | 0.019 | 0.997 | |
| Monocyte count (109/L), mean (SD) | 0.49 (0.26) | 0.50 (0.27) | 0.46 (0.23) | 0.042 | 0.47 (0.17) | 0.47 (0.18) | 0.49 (0.13) | 0.246 | 0.930 | |
| Platelet count (109/L), mean (SD) | 191.51 (79.98) | 191.22 (77.52) | 192.80 (90.78) | 0.567 | 193.85 (81.14) | 194.15 (82.42) | 192.17 (74.34) | 0.972 | 0.852 | |
| Albumin (g/L), mean (SD) | 42.25 (5.86) | 42.03 (6.06) | 43.22 (4.74) | 0.110 | 42.38 (5.28) | 42.18 (5.52) | 43.53 (3.48) | 0.288 | 0.886 | |
| NLR, mean (SD) | 2.96 (3.30) | 2.15 (3.59) | 2.12 (0.98) | 0.021 | 2.56 (2.14) | 2.61 (2.15) | 2.25 (2.06) | 0.194 | 0.098 | |
| PLR, mean (SD) | 119.45 (64.79) | 122.44 (66.60) | 105.86 (54.26) | 0.200 | 119.70 (61.71) | 123.16 (64.82) | 99.98 (33.77) | 0.096 | 0.777 | |
| LMR, mean (SD) | 4.19 (2.00) | 4.05 (1.99) | 4.85 (1.93) | <0.001 | 4.06 (1.52) | 4.00 (1.41) | 4.37 (2.02) | 0.992 | 0.916 | |
| PNI, mean (SD) | 51.19 (7.64) | 50.84 (7.89) | 52.76 (6.20) | 0.200 | 50.57 (8.60) | 50.04 (8.98) | 53.55 (5.14) | 0.017 | 0.820 | |
| SII, mean (SD) | 552 (597.59) | 579.54 (634.11) | 432.69 (372.48) | 0.031 | 486.64 (419.81) | 502.87 (432.93) | 394.02 (324.73) | 0.265 | 0.330 | |
| Child-Pugh classification, n (%) | 0.549 | 0.138 | 0.859 | |||||||
| A | 431 (95.4) | 353 (95.4) | 78 (95.1) | 263 (95.6) | 222 (94.9) | 12 (5.1) | ||||
| B | 21 (4.6) | 17 (4.6) | 4 (4.9) | 12 (4.4) | 12 (100.0) | 0 | ||||
| HBsAg, n (%) | 0.096 | 0.494 | 0.174 | |||||||
| Positive | 385 (85.2) | 320 (86.5) | 65 (79.3) | 244 (88.7) | 207 (88.5) | 37 (90.2) | ||||
| Negative | 67 (14.8) | 50 (13.5) | 17 (20.7) | 31 (11.3) | 27 (11.5) | 4 (9.8) | ||||
| AFP group (ng/mL), n (%) | ||||||||||
| ≥400 | 158 (35.0) | 128 (34.6) | 30 (36.6) | 0.732 | 104 (34.8) | 87 (37.2) | 17 (41.5) | 0.602 | 0.436 | |
| <400 | 294 (65.0) | 242 (65.4) | 52 (63.4) | 171 (62.2) | 147 (62.8) | 24 (58.5) | ||||
| Surgery type, n (%) | 0.316 | 0.365 | 0.003 | |||||||
| ≥ Lobectomy | 198 (43.8) | 158 (42.7) | 40 (48.8) | 152 (55.3) | 132 (56.4) | 20 (48.8) | ||||
| < Lobectomy | 254 (56.2) | 212 (57.3) | 42 (51.2) | 123 (44.7) | 102 (43.6) | 21 (51.2) | ||||
| Postoperative hospital stay (d), mean (SD) | 13.43 (7.45) | 13.32 (7.20) | 13.89 (8.52) | 0.886 | 12.16 (7.59) | 12.40 (8.11) | 10.78 (2.95) | 0.935 | <0.001 | |
| Tumor size (cm), mean (SD) | 6.95 (4.71) | 6.81 (4.61) | 7.59 (5.16) | 0.285 | 6.50 (4.46) | 6.52 (4.52) | 6.36 (4.20) | 0.923 | 0.344 | |
| Number of tumors, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.530 | 0.870 | |||||||
| Solitary | 356 (78.8) | 303 (81.9) | 53 (64.6) | 218 (79.3) | 187 (79.9) | 31 (75.6) | ||||
| Multiple | 96 (21.2) | 67 (18.1) | 29 (35.4) | 57 (20.7) | 47 (20.1) | 10 (24.4) | ||||
| Macrovascular invasion, n (%) | 0.225 | 0.054 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Negative | 386 (85.4) | 314 (84.9) | 72 (87.8) | 244 (88.7) | 212 (90.6) | 32 (78.0) | ||||
| PVTT | 50 (11.1) | 43 (11.6) | 7 (8.5) | 9 (3.3) | 7 (3.0) | 2 (4.9) | ||||
| HVTT | 8 (1.8) | 5 (1.4) | 3 (3.7) | 20 (7.3) | 13 (5.6) | 7 (17.1) | ||||
| PVTT + HVTT | 8 (1.8) | 8 (2.2) | 0 | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.9) | 0 | ||||
| Microvascular invasion, n (%) | 0.003 | 0.836 | 0.261 | |||||||
| Positive | 167 (36.9) | 125 (33.8) | 42 (51.2) | 165 (60.0) | 93 (39.7) | 17 (41.5) | ||||
| Negative | 285 (63.1) | 245 (66.2) | 40 (48.8) | 107 (38.9) | 141 (60.3) | 24 (58.5) | ||||
| Tumor differentiation, n (%) | 0.016 | 0.263 | 0.022 | |||||||
| Well | 42 (9.3) | 34 (9.2) | 8 (9.8) | 12 (4.4) | 12 (5.1) | 0 | ||||
| Moderate | 327 (72.3) | 259 (70.0) | 68 (82.9) | 199 (72.4) | 170 (72.6) | 29 (70.7) | ||||
| Poor | 83 (18.4) | 77 (20.8) | 6 (7.3) | 61 (23.3) | 52 (22.2) | 12 (29.3) | ||||
| Satellite lesions, n (%) | 0.007 | 0.163 | 0.424 | |||||||
| Positive | 24 (5.3) | 24 (6.5) | 0 | 5 (4.0) | 11 (4.7) | 0 | ||||
| Negative | 428 (94.7) | 346 (93.5) | 82 (100.0) | 264 (96.0) | 223 (95.3) | 41 (100.0) | ||||
| Complete encapsulation, n (%) | 0.116 | 0.443 | 0.500 | |||||||
| Positive | 7 (1.5) | 4 (1.1) | 3 (3.7) | 5 (1.8) | 5 (2.1) | 0 | ||||
| Negative | 445 (98.5) | 366 (98.9) | 79 (96.3) | 270 (98.2) | 229 (97.9) | 41 (100.0) | ||||
| AJCC stage, n (%) | 0.363 | 0.636 | 0.124 | |||||||
| I | 208 (46.0) | 180 (48.6) | 31 (40.2) | 119 (43.3) | 105 (44.9) | 14 (34.1) | ||||
| II | 103 (22.8) | 75 (20.3) | 23 (28.0) | 69 (25.1) | 57 (24.4) | 12 (29.3) | ||||
| III | 135 (29.9) | 110 (29.7) | 25 (30.5) | 77 (28.0) | 64 (27.4) | 13 (31.7) | ||||
| IV | 6 (1.3) | 5 (1.4) | 1 (1.2) | 10 (3.6) | 8 (3.4) | 2 (4.9) | ||||
| BCLC stage, n (%) | 0.019 | 0.542 | <0.001 | |||||||
| 0 | 24 (5.3) | 24 (6.5) | 0 | 12 (4.4) | 12 (5.1) | 0 | ||||
| A | 274 (60.6) | 225 (60.8) | 49 (59.8) | 107 (38.9) | 89 (38.0) | 18 (43.9) | ||||
| B | 14 (3.1) | 13 (3.5) | 1 (1.2) | 87 (31.6) | 75 (32.1) | 12 (29.3) | ||||
| C | 140 (31.0) | 108 (29.2`) | 32 (39.0) | 69 (25.1) | 58 (24.8) | 11 (26.8) | ||||
P*, training cohort versus validation cohort. NSO, nonsarcopenic obesity; SO, sarcopenic obesity; BMI, body mass index; SMI, skeletal muscle index; WBC count, white blood cell count; NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, PLR, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, LMR, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio, PNI, prognostic nutritional index; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index. AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; PVTT, portal vein tumor thrombus; HVTT, hepatic vein tumor thrombus; BDTT, bile duct tumor thrombus; AJCC, American Joint Committee Cancer 8th edition; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging systems.