Table 1.
Clinical and Demographic Data in Healthy Controls and Patients With T1DM, LADA, or T2DM
| Control (n = 23) | T1DM (n = 25) | LADA (n = 23) | T2DM (n = 36) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 11 (47.8) | 17 (68.0) | 18 (50.0) | 14 (52.2) | 0.4 |
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 54.1 ± 11.1 | 53.3 ± 11.7 | 50.5 ± 11.5 | 57.7 ± 7.5 | 0.6 |
| Diabetes duration (y), mean ± SD | N/A | 19.4 ± 7.6* | 11.6 ± 9.6 | 15.1 ± 4.9 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 27.4 ± 4.6 | 26.8 ± 4.4 | 27.1 ± 4.4 | 31.7 ± 5.2*,†,‡ | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%), mean ± SD | 5.4 ± 0.2 | 7.9 ± 1.4*,† | 9.7 ± 2.4† | 8.2 ± 1.4*,† | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol), mean ± SD | 35.4 ± 2.9 | 63.0 ± 15.0*,† | 83.0 ± 25.8† | 66.0 ± 15.4*,† | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 5.3 (4.8–5.9) | 4.0 (3.5–4.7)† | 4.5 (3.8–5.2)† | 3.8 (3.4–4.7)*,† | <0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.6 (1.1–1.9) | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2)*,†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.0–1.8) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | 1.8 (1.1–3.2)*,‡ | 0.003 |
| LDL (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.7–3.3) | 2.0 (1.8–2.3)† | 2.4 (1.8–2.9)† | 1.8 (1.3–2.3)† | <0.001 |
| NDS, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 2.0 (0.5–4.5)† | 2.0 (0.5–6.0)† | 2.0 (1.0–5.0)† | <0.001 |
| NSP, median (IQR) | 0 | 2.0 (1.0–7.0)† | 4.0 (3.5–8.0)† | 2.5 (1.3–7.2)† | 0.001 |
| VPT, median (IQR) | 5.5 (4.9–10.9) | 13.6 (10.3–20.8)† | 8.7 (6.1–17.7) | 11.1 (10.4–17.3)† | 0.01 |
| PMNCV (m/s), median (IQR) | 47.7 (45.9–49.4) | 42.0 (39.15–43.1)† | 42.8 (37.9–44.5)† | 44.6 (42.2–46.6) | <0.0001 |
P represents statistical difference among all groups. All symbols represent statistically significant differences. BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein. Statistically significant differences are in bold.
*
Significant difference compared with LADA.
†
Significant difference compared with control.
‡
Significant difference compared with T1DM.