Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for overall survival.
| Variable | Univariable HR (95% CI) | p value | Multivariable HR* (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 0.997 (0.99–1.01) | 0.642 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.958 |
| Male | 1.07 (0.75–1.54) | 0.701 | 1.12 (0.77–1.61) | 0.560 |
| Geographic region | ||||
| Europe versus USA | 0.97 (0.67–1.41) | 0.866 | − | − |
| Asia versus USA | 0.83 (0.60–1.17) | 0.292 | − | − |
| Immunotherapy treatment | ||||
| PD-1/CTLA-4 versus PD-1 | 0.78 (0.44–1.37) | 0.380 | − | − |
| PD-1/TKI versus PD-1 | 0.80 (0.45–1.41) | 0.443 | − | − |
| Second-line or later | 1.15 (0.86–1.54) | 0.339 | − | − |
| Cirrhosis | 1.06 (0.77–1.45) | 0.740 | − | − |
| Liver disease | ||||
| HCV versus HBV | 0.85 (0.60–1.22) | 0.388 | − | − |
| HBV/HCV versus HBV | 0.16 (0.02–1.19) | 0.074 | − | − |
| Non-viral versus HBV | 1.09 (0.76–1.56) | 0.650 | − | − |
| ECOG ⩾ 1 | 1.55 (1.15–2.09) | 0.004 | − | − |
| BCLC C/D | 1.45 (1.04–2.03) | 0.030 | 1.22 (0.85–1.75) | 0.276 |
| Child–Pugh B/C | 1.94 (1.43–2.62) | <0.001 | − | − |
| Portal venous thrombosis | 1.73 (1.29–2.32) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.10–2.08) | 0.011 |
| Extrahepatic metastasis | 1.06 (0.80–1.42) | 0.673 | − | − |
| ⩾3 intrahepatic nodules | 1.69 (1.26–2.26) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.34–2.50) | <0.001 |
| Maximum diameter of largest lesion (cm) | 0.998 (0.99–1.00) | 0.503 | − | − |
| Alpha-fetoprotein >400 ng/ml | 1.39 (1.04–1.85) | 0.025 | 1.31 (0.96–1.79) | 0.084 |
| Baseline antacid exposure | 1.01 (0.75–1.35) | 0.971 | 0.98 (0.71–1.36) | 0.909 |
| Baseline PPI exposure | 1.14 (0.84–1.54) | 0.409 | − | − |
| Baseline H2RA exposure | 0.58 (0.31–1.10) | 0.095 | − | − |
| Baseline antibiotic exposure | 1.38 (0.92–2.06) | 0.122 | 1.23 (0.78–1.94) | 0.370 |
*
Stratified by geographic region.
BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; CI, confidence interval; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; H2RA, histamine-2-receptor antagonist; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HR, hazard ratio; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor.