Table 4.

Univariable and multivariable logistic regression for disease control rate.

Variable	Univariable OR (95% CI)	p value	Multivariable OR (95% CI)	p value
Age (years)	1.02 (1.00–1.05)	0.028	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	0.472
Male	0.98 (0.55–1.74)	0.930	1.16 (0.62–2.18)	0.648
Geographic region
Europe versus USA	3.97 (1.91–8.24)	<0.001	3.94 (1.73–9.03)	0.001
Asia versus USA	1.2 (0.70–2.04)	0.509	1.40 (0.75–2.60)	0.296
Immunotherapy treatment
PD-1/CTLA-4 versus PD-1	2.02 (0.76–5.37)	0.160	−	−
PD-1/TKI versus PD-1*	−	−	−	−
Second line or later	1.08 (0.68–1.73)	0.741	−	−
Cirrhosis	1.02 (0.60–1.71)	0.955	−	−
Liver disease
HCV versus HBV	2.04 (1.14–3.66)	0.016	1.88 (0.95–3.71)	0.069
HBV/HCV versus HBV	5.26 (0.59–46.9)	0.138	8.25 (0.84–81.9)	0.070
Non-viral versus HBV	1.55 (0.85–2.81)	0.152	1.08 (0.54–2.16)	0.836
ECOG ⩾ 1	0.89 (0.56–1.43)	0.637	−	−
BCLC C/D	0.88 (0.52–1.49)	0.635	0.93 (0.52–1.63)	0.790
Child–Pugh B/C	0.78 (0.47–1.29)	0.325	−	−
Portal venous thrombosis	0.94 (0.57–1.54)	0.802	−	−
Extrahepatic metastasis	1.07 (0.67–1.7)	0.790	−	−
⩾3 Intrahepatic nodules	0.66 (0.41–1.06)	0.083	−	−
Maximum diameter of largest lesion (cm)	1.01 (0.997–1.02)	0.198	−	−
Alpha-fetoprotein >400 ng/ml	0.57 (0.36–0.92)	0.021	0.55 (0.33–0.92)	0.024
Baseline antacid exposure	1.56 (0.95–2.57)	0.079	1.34 (0.75–2.39)	0.332
Baseline PPI exposure	1.31 (0.79–2.2)	0.299	−	−
Baseline H2RA exposure	2.29 (0.82–6.44)	0.115	−	−
Baseline antibiotic exposure	0.72 (0.37–1.44)	0.355	0.63 (0.29–1.39)	0.252

^*All 20 patients treated with PD-1/TKI attained disease control.

BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; CI, confidence interval; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; H2RA, histamine-2-receptor antagonist; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; OR, odds ratio; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor.