. 2021 Apr 23;12:657274. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.657274

Table 4.

Outcome of HRV measures, cardiovascular and health risk factors, TESTEX, and STARD_HRV score.

Author, year	Between-/Within-group analysis	Outcome HR- and HRV-parameters	Outcome cardiovascular and health parameters	TESTEX	STARD _HRV
Badrov et al., 2013	Within	After 4 weeks: IHG3: ↑ RHR, SDNN, RMSSD, and HF nu; ↓ pNN50, ln LF, LF nu, LF/HF, and α1; ↔ ln HF, SampEn, and TP; IHG5: ↑ SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, ln LF, ln HF, LF nu, TP, and SampEn; ↓ RHR, HF nu, LF/HF, and α1. After 8 weeks (compared to baseline): IHG3: ↑ SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, and HF nu; ↓ RHR, ln LF, LF nu, and LF/HF; IHG5; ↔ ln HF, TP, SampEn, and α1; IHG5: ↑ SDNN, RMSSD, ln HF, HF nu, and SampEn; ↓ pNN50, ln LF, LF nu, TP, and LF/HF; ↔ RHR and α1.	Both groups: after 4 weeks: ↓ SBP (IHG3^) and DBP; after 8 weeks (compared to baseline): ↓ SBP^ and DBP (IHG3); ↔ DBP (IHG5)	12.5	22
Bond et al., 2009	Within	↑ HF nu; ↓ RHR	↑ VO₂ peak^*; ↔ SBP	9	19
Boutcher et al., 2013	Within	↓ RHR and LF nu; ↑ HF (ms², nu, ln^*) and LF (ms², ln)	↑ VO₂ max^; ↓ BF^ and BM^*	6.5	15.5
Brown et al., 2014	Within	↓ ln HF (NW and BW); ↑ RHR (NW and BW)	↑ SBP (BW); ↓ SBP^* (NW), DBP^* (NW^* and BW), BMI, and HRR^* (BW and NW)	10	17.5
Buchheit et al., 2010	Within	↑ln RMSSD^; ↓ RHR^	↓ BF, BM, and HRR	4	17.5
Cheema et al., 2013	Between	↑ ln LF/HF^* and RHR; ↓ ln HF, ln SDNN, ln RMSSD, pNN50^*, ln LF, and ln TP		9.5	18.5
Chu et al., 2015	Within	↑ LF nu and LF/HF; ↓ HF nu		13	21.5
Cooke and Carter, 2005	Within	↑ SDNN, LF, LF nu, HF, and HF nu; ↓ mRR	↑ BR; ↓ SBP (elsewhere published)	9	20
da Silva et al., 2019	Within	Both groups: ↑ RMSSD (HRVG^*)	Both groups: ↑ HRR (HRVG^*)	12.5	20
Duarte et al., 2015	Within	↑ RMSSD in TL^* and TH, HF nu in TL^, LF nu, and LF/HF in TH; ↓ RHR in TL^ and TH, HF nu in TH, LF nu, and LF/HF in TL	Both groups: ↑ HRR^*	11	23
Gamelin et al., 2007	Within	↑ SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, pNN50, ln (LF+HF)^, ln LF^, ln HF, HF nu, SD1, and SD2; ↓mRR, LF nu, and LF/HF	↑ VO₂ max^*	4	18
Heffernan et al., 2007	Within	↑ SDNN, ln LF, LF nu, ln HF, LF/HF, SampEn^, and LZEn^; ↓ HF nu and mRR; ↔ ln TP	↑ BF, BM, HRR^, and VO₂ peak^	4.5	21.5
Heffernan et al., 2009	Within	African Americans: ↑ RMSSD, pNN50, ln TP, ln HF, HF nu, and SampEn^; ↓ mRR, ln LF, LF nu, and ln LF/HF. Whites: ↑ RMSSD, pNN50, ln TP, ln LF, LF nu, ln HF, ln LF/HF, and SampEn^; ↓ mRR, and HF nu.	African Americans: ↑ BM^, BR up-up and down-down, HRR^, and VO₂ peak; ↓ BF. Whites: ↑ BF, BM, BR up-up, HRR^*, and VO₂ peak; ↓ BR down-down	4.5	21.5
Heydari et al., 2013	Between	↑ TP, ln TP, VLF, ln VLF, LF, ln LF^, ln HF^, RMSSD^, and pNN50^; ↓ RHR^*, HF, ln HF	↑ BR^* and VO₂ max; ↓ BM^, BMI^, DBP^, and SBP^	9	17.5
Kim et al., 2017	Between	MAT: ↑ RMSSD, pNN50, HF, HF nu, SD1 and SD1/SD2; ↓ RHR, LF/HF and LF nu. HAT: ↑ RMSSD^, pNN50^, HF^, HF nu^, SD1^, and SD1/SD2^↓ RHR^, LF/HF^, and LF nu^*	MAT and HAT: ↑ VO₂ max (HAT^*); ↓ BMI, DBP, and SBP	5.5	16.5
Kiviniemi et al., 2010	Within	↑ SD1 (ST in women, HRV-I in men^* and women, HRV-II in women); ↓ RHR (ST in women, HRV-I in men and women, HRV-II in women); ↔ SD1 and RHR (ST men)	All groups: ↑ VO₂ peak^*	4.5	15.5
Martinmaki et al., 2008	Within	Supine: ↑ ln HF and ln TP; ↔ RHR and ln LF. Sitting: ↑ ln HF, ln LF, and ln TP; ↓ RHR	↑ VO₂ peak^*	6.5	20
McHugh et al., 2012	Within	↑ LF/HF; ↓ HF nu	↑VO₂ max, HRR (2nd minute after test)^*; ↓ BF, BM, and BMI	3.5	20.5
Moreira et al., 2017	Within	↑ mRR^, RMSSD^, pNN50^, and SD1^; ↓RHR^*	↓ DBP^* and SBP^*	10	16.5
Nuuttila et al., 2017	Within	Nocturnal: both groups: ↑ RMSSD (HRVG^), LF (HRVG^), HF, TP (HRVG^); ↓ RHR^. Morning (estimate from figure): both groups: ↓ RHR^*; HRVG: ↑ RMSSD; PD: ↔ RMSSD	both groups: ↑ VO₂ max ^*. HRVG: ↓BM; ↔ BF. PD: ↔ BM; ↓ BF	10	16.5
Pal et al., 2014	Within	All groups: ↑ HF nu (AG I^* and AG III^), mRR^, RMSSD (AG II^* and AG III^), pNN50^, SDNN^, and TP^; ↓ LF nu^, LF/HF (AG III^), and RHR^*	All groups: ↓ DBP (AG III) and SBP (AG II and AG III^); AG I: ↑ BM and BMI; AG II + AG III: ↓ BM (AG III^) and BMI^*	6.5	18
de Rezende Barbosa et al., 2016	Between	↑ RRtri^, TINN, SD1^, SD2^; ↓ mRR^ and SD1/SD2		6	19.5
Schumann et al., 2017	Within	ST: supine: ↑ LF; ↓RMSSD, HF and LF/HF; ↔ RHR; stand: ↑ LF and LF/HF; ↓ RHR, RMSSD, and HF (correct value?). TLG: supine: ↑ RMSSD, HF, and LF/HF; ↓ RHR and LF; stand: ↑ RMSSD, HF, and LF/HF; ↓ RHR andLF	ST: ↑ VO₂ max^; ↓ BF^ and BM. TLG: ↓ BF and VO₂ max; ↔ BM	7.5	16
Sousa Fortes et al., 2018	Between and within	CLG and MS: ↑ ln RMSSD^* (pre vs. post and vs. CG)		10	16.5
Varela-Sanz et al., 2017	Within	TT: supine: ↑ SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF; ↓ RHR^; standing: ↑ SDNN, RMSSD and LF; ↓ RHR^ and HF. PT: supine: ↑ SDNN and LF; ↓ RHR, RMSSD, and HF; standing: ↑ SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF; ↓ RHR	Both groups: ↑ BM (PT^), BMI (PT^), and VO₂ max^*	10.5	16
Wu et al., 2011	Within	↑ RHR, HF, and HF nu; ↓ SDNN, RMSSD, and LF	↓ BMI^*	6	15

AG, age group; BF, body fat; BM, body mass; BMI, body mass index; BR, baroreflex sensitivity; BR down-down, BR during hypotensive changes in systolic blood pressure; BR up-up, BR during hypertensive changes in systolic blood pressure; BW, built walk group; CG, control group; CLG, clustering group; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HAT, high-intensity aerobic training; HF (nu), power in high frequency range (in normalized units); HRR, heart rate recovery; HRV-I and II, HRV guided training based on daily HRV measurements; HRVG, HRV guided training group; IHG3, isometric handgrip training 3 days per week; IHG5, isometric handgrip training 5 days per week; LF (nu), power in low frequency range (in normalized units); ln, natural logarithm; LZEn, Lempel-Ziv entropy; MAT, moderate-intensity aerobic training; MS, multi-sets group; mRR, mean RR interval; NN50, number of pairs of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms in the entire recording; NW, nature walk group; PD, predetermined training group; pNN50, NN50 count divided by the total number of all NN intervals; PT, polarized training group; RHR, resting heart rate; RMSSD, square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals; RRtri, HRV triangular index; SampEn, sample entropy; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD1, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability, extracted from Poincaré Plot; SD2, standard deviation of the long-term variability, extracted from Poincaré Plot; SDNN, standard deviation of NN intervals; ST, standard training group; TH, training group with high levels of HF at baseline; TINN, baseline width of the minimum square difference triangular interpolation of the highest peak of the histogram of all NN intervals; TL, training group with low levels of HF at baseline; TLG, training load-guided (based on estimated cumulated training load); TP, total power; TT, traditional-based group; VLF, power in very low frequency range; VO₂ max, maximum oxygen consumption; VO₂ peak, peak oxygen consumption; α1, short-term component of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis.

significant difference (pre vs. post or trainings vs. control group); ↑, increase; ↓, decrease.