Table 2.

SLNs/NLCs of natural and synthetic bioactive components administered by different routes.

Name of the drug	Used for	Reason for incorporation in the SLN/NLCs	Route of administration	References
Quercetin	Anti-obesity	To enhance the bioavailability	Oral	Ganesan et al., 2018
Curcumin	Anti-cancer	Improved antitumor activity and brain targeting in vitro	Nasal	Madane and Mahajan, 2016
Triptolide	Anti-cancer activity	Improved absorption and oral bioavailability and reduce the gastric irritation	Oral	Zhang et al., 2013
Puerarin	Anti-hypertensive	Improved absorption and oral bioavailability	Oral	Luo et al., 2011, 2013
Cantharidin	Skin problem	Improved absorption and oral bioavailability.	Oral	Dang and Zhu, 2013
Resveratrol	Anti-obesity	Improved absorption and oral bioavailability	Oral	Neves et al., 2013
Tetrandrine	Calcium channel blocker	Decreases irritation of eye mucous membrane in vivo	Ocular	Li et al., 2014
Silymarin	Anti-cancer	Increased absorption and oral bioavailability in vivo	Oral	Shangguan et al., 2014
β-Elemene	Anti-cancer	Decreased the irritation and toxicity and enhanced the bioavailability	Oral	Shi et al., 2013
Breviscapine	Anti-hypertensive	Sustained release and protection against the liver enzyme degradation in vivo	Oral	Li et al., 2013
Genistein	Anticancer	Enhanced bioavailability	Oral	Kim et al., 2017
Epigallocatechingallate	Anti-obesity effect	Enhanced bioavailability	Oral	Ganesan et al., 2018
Hydroxycitric acid	Cardioprotective	Enhanced bioavailability	Oral	Ganesan et al., 2018
Tripterine	Anticancer	Enhanced bioavailability	Oral	Yuan et al., 2013
Ficusbenjamin	Hepatoprotective	Enhanced bioavailability	Oral	Sharma et al., 2017
Sesamol	Hepatoprotective	Lower irritation	Oral	Sharma et al., 2011
Naringenin	Antioxidant	Increased bioavailability	Pulmonary	Ganesan et al., 2018
Domperidone	Gastro-esophageal reflux	Increased bioavailability by reducing first pass metabolism	Oral	Thatipamula et al., 2011
Lovastatin	Anti-hyperlipidemic	Low bioavailability	Oral	Chen et al., 2010
Methotrexate	Anti-cancer	Site specific targeting	i.v.
Tamoxifen	Breast cancer	Prolonged the release	i.v.	Murthy, 2005
Mitoxantrone	Breast cancer	Increased bioavailability and reduced toxicity	i.p.	Kuo and Chung, 2011
Rafampicin	Tuberculosis	Improved bioavailability	Nasal	Vila et al., 2004
Isoniazid	Tuberculosis	Improved bioavailability	Nasal	Vila et al., 2004
Pyrazinamide	Tuberculosis	Improved bioavailability	Nasal	Vila et al., 2004
Ciprofloxacin	Antimicrobial	Reduce dose and adverse effects	Oral	Alarifi1 et al., 2020
Nabumetone	Anti-inflammatory	Prolonged the action	Topical	Chaudhari and Ghodake, 2019