TABLE 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Variables | Smoking (n = 106) | Non-smoking (n = 115) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| 18–30 | 7 (6.6) | 6 (5.2) | 0.3 |
| 31–40 | 8 (7.5) | 19 (16.5) | |
| 41–50 | 26 (24.5) | 27 (23.5) | |
| 51–60 | 41 (38.7) | 34 (29.6) | |
| >60 | 24 (22.7) | 29 (25.2) | |
| BMI | |||
| <25 | 2 (1.9) | 11 (9.6) | 0.04 |
| 25–28 | 6 (5.7) | 4 (3.5) | |
| >28 | 98 (92.4) | 100 (86.9) | |
| Smoke period | |||
| <10 years | 5 (4.7) | — | |
| ≥10 years | 101 (95.3) | — | |
| Quit smoking | |||
| Yes | 2 (1.9) | — | |
| No | 104 (98.1) | — | |
| Muscle relaxants | |||
| Rocuronium | 68 (64) | 93 (81) | 0.008 |
| Vecuronium | 38 (36) | 22 (19) | |
| History | |||
| Hypertension | 7 (6.6) | 13 (11.3) | 0.5 |
| Diabetes | 4 (3.8) | 2 (1.7) | |
| Both hypertension and diabetes | 2 (1.9) | 2 (1.7) | |
| Others | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.7) | |
| None | 92 (87) | 96 (83.5) | |
| Surgery type | |||
| Major | 8 (7.5) | 7 (6.1) | 0.9 |
| Minor | 98 (92.5) | 108 (93.9) | |
| PETCO2 | 35.7 (2.8) | 36.4 (3.2) | 0.1 |
| Muscle relaxant onset time (s) | 217.1 (55.9) | 222.8 (64.4) | 0.5 |
| Muscle relaxant lasting effect time (s) | 2420 (738.2) | 2582 (847.3) | 0.1 |
| 75% recovery | 3631 (1003.4) | 3711 (1030.3) | 0.6 |
| Recover index | 1206 (509.3) | 1129 (482.5) | 0.2 |
| Usage of antibiotics | |||
| Yes | 80 (75.5) | 58 (50.4) | <0.001 |
| No | 26 (24.5) | 57 (49.6) | |
| Type of antibiotics | |||
| cefamandole | 2 (1.9) | 7 (6.1) | 0.0 |
| cefathiamidine | 22 (21.0) | 10 (8.7) | |
| cefoperazone | 3 (2.9) | 1 (0.9) | |
| ceftizoxime | 6 (5.7) | 5 (4.3) | |
| cefuroxime | 28 (26.7) | 22 (19.1) | |
| Levofloxacin | 9 (8.6) | 6 (5.2) | |
| Piperacillin | 10 (9.5) | 7 (6.1) | |
| None | 26 (24.8) | 57 (49.6) | |
| Anesthetics | |||
| Propofol | 95 (89.6) | 91 (79.1) | 0.05 |
| Other | 11 (10.4) | 24 (20.9) | |
| Opiates | |||
| Sufentanil | 103 (97.1) | 112 (97.4) | 1 |
| Fentanyl | 3 (2.9) | 3 (2.6) | |
| Complications | |||
| Yes | 4 (3.8) | 1 (0.9) | 0.3 |
| No | 102 (96.2) | 114 (99.1) |