Table 2. Metabolic diseases and corresponding pathological brain metabolites, with known main peaks positions (resonant frequencies in parts per million, ppm).

Disease	Metabolite	Position (ppm)
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)	BCAA† (Leu, Isoleu, Val) & BCKA‡	0.95–1.05
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)	β-OH-Butyrate/Glucose	1.2/3.43 & 3.80
Canavan disease	N-acetylaspartate (NAA)	2.02 & 2.5 & 2.67
Salla disease	N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA)	2.02 & 4
Sandhoff disease (GM0)	N-acetyl-hexosamine	2.07
L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria	2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG)	2.25
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (PDHD)	Pyruvate	2.37
Mitochondrial complex II deficiency	Succinate	2.40
HMG CoA lyase deficiency	3-OH-isovaleric acid/3-OH 3-methyl glutaric acid	2.42
Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency	Homocysteine or aspartate	2.6
Sulfite oxidase deficiency (SOD)	Taurine/S-sulfocysteine/cysteine	3.42 & 3.25/3.61/2.92 & 2.97
Non-ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH)	Glycine	3.55
Polyols leukoencephalopathy	Arabinitol and Ribitol	3.5–4 (3.7)
Galactosemia	Galactitol	3.7
Phenylketonuria (PKU)	Phenylalanine	7.3

^†, branched-chain amino acids; ^‡, branched-chain α-keto acids.