Table 2. Summary table of pediatric high-grade gliomas.

*Neoplasm	Distinct imaging features	Locations	Histology and molecular	Grade (WHO)	Outcome
**Diffuse Midline Glioma (DMG), H3K27M	Midline tumor with an infiltrative pattern. When arising from pons causes a diffuse enlargement of this structure “engulfing” anteriorly the basilar artery. Subtle enhancement (linear or punctate) may be seen. Areas of necrosis only in the late stage or after treatment	Brainstem, particularly the pons, but may arise/infiltrate the basal ganglia, thalami, all parts of the brainstem and spinal cord	GFAP variable, S100+, H3-K27M	IV	Poor outcome
High Grade Glioma, H3G34	Heterogeneous features. Infiltrative tumors, with gliomatosis appearance, accompanied by calcification, areas of liquefaction/necrosis and DWI restriction are described	Hemispheric > infratentorial	GFAP variable, S100+, H3.3G34R/V	IV	Poor outcome

*, High grade gliomas are more often infiltrative hypointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI with variable components of restriction on DWI; **, DMG with bithalamic involvement may lack H3 mutation but present with EGFR mutations which may confer selective vulnerability to EGFR kinase inhibitors.