. 2021 May 10;10:77. doi: 10.1186/s13756-021-00935-6

Table 7.

An overview of all the water baths related outbreaks in hospitals

Study	Country	Strain	N of cultures (%)	N of cases	Mortality, N (%)	Source
Muyldermans et al. [77]	Belgium	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	NA	4	3 (75.0)	Water bath to warm fresh frozen plasma and human albumin
Casewell et al. [78]	England	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	2 out of 9 experiments (22.0)	1	1 (100.0)	Water bath’s water
Yuen et al. [79]	Hong Kong	1. Acinetobacter anitratus 2. Pseudomonas putida 3. Bacilus subtilis 4. Pseudomonas paucimobilis 5. Trichosporon beigelii 6. Corynebacterium sp. 7. Candida tropicalis	All 3 water baths (100.0)	5 patients with Candida tropicalis	3 (60.0)	Water bath’s water likely contaminated the nurses’fingers. In addition, removable metal grid was not cleaned at the bottom, because personnel assumed it was fixed to the base

Study

Country

Strain

N of cultures (%)

N of cases

Mortality, N (%)

Source

Muyldermans et al. [77]

Belgium

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

3 (75.0)

Water bath to warm fresh frozen plasma and human albumin

Casewell et al. [78]

England

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2 out of 9 experiments (22.0)

1 (100.0)

Water bath’s water

Yuen et al. [79]

Hong Kong

1. Acinetobacter anitratus

2. Pseudomonas putida

3. Bacilus subtilis

4. Pseudomonas paucimobilis

5. Trichosporon beigelii

6. Corynebacterium sp.

7. Candida tropicalis

All 3 water baths (100.0)

5 patients with Candida tropicalis

3 (60.0)

Water bath’s water likely contaminated the nurses’fingers. In addition, removable metal grid was not cleaned at the bottom, because personnel assumed it was fixed to the base