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. 2021 May 10;157(3):555–582. doi: 10.1007/s10290-021-00414-5

Table 8.

The results of government expenditure VEC model.

Source: Authors’ calculations

Long-term variables
Lny Lnt Lnc Lnl Lna Lnb
Lny 1 0 1.1269* (− 1.03) 1.9460** (1.91) − 2.8798*** (− 7.36) 0.4969 (1.01)
Lnt 0 1 0.2592* (0.71) − 2.0854*** (− 6.11) 0.7978*** (6.07) 0.4104*** (2.48)
Short-term variables
Lags D(Lny) D(Lnt) D(Lnc) D(Lnl) D(Lna) D(Lnb)
Lny L1 − 0.0684 (− 0.15) 0.6285* (1.11) 0.4217* (0.93) 0.5337* (0.88) 0.2848* (0.49) 0.6113*** (1.85)
L2 − 0.4165** (− 0.44) 0.0252* (0.02) 1.3398* (1.36) 1.0941** (1.33) − 0.2006* (− 0.34) 0.1619** (0.11)
L3 1.12* (1.24) 0.7123 (0.73) − 0.4015* (− 0.43) 0.5808** (0.74) 0.6031** (1.06) 3.1619* (0.42)
Lnt L1 − 0.0101*** (− 0.03) − 0.2429* (− 0.50) 0.0335** (0.09) 0.0537* (0.10) − 0.3059* (− 0.61) 0.3064** (1.08)
L2 − 0.0324* (− 0.03) − 1.0728* (− 0.99) − 0.0959* (− 0.09) 1.3655** (1.57) 0.1672 (0.27) 0.1806* (0.65)
L3 0.8276* (0.88) − 0.0814 (− 0.08) − 0.1467** (− 0.15) 0.4553* (0.56) 1.2914* (2.20) − 0.3895* (− 0.67)
Lnc L1 − 0.3470* (− 0.59) − 0.6170* (− 0.86) − 0.8724** (− 1.51) − 0.5211* (− 0.68) − 0.2435 (− 0.33) 0.4432** (1.06)
L2 − 0.4681* (− 1.22) − 0.0817* (− 0.20) − 0.1097* (− 0.28) − 0.1741 (− 0.53) − 0.4212* (− 1.77) − 0.3198* (− 0.48)
L3 0.6663** (2.69) 0.3391* (1.28) − 0.2417** (− 0.95) − 0.5506* (− 2.59) 0.6562* (4.25) − 0.8653* (− 1.78)
Lnl L1 0.1538* (0.26) 0.0060 (0.01) 0.1504 (0.26) − 0.2814 (− 0.37) 0.0822 (0.11) − 1.2409*** (− 2.96)
L2 0.2466* (0.18) 0.0565 (0.04) 0.8673** (0.87) 3.1539* (2.70) 0.0977 (0.12) − 0.6728* (− 0.57)
L3 0.9247* (0.95) 0.4951* (0.48) 0.4125 (0.60) 1.2549* (1.50) 1.3257* (2.19) − 0.1629 (− 0.43)
Lna L1 − 0.0519* (− 0.65) − 0.0712* (− 0.74) − 0.0626* (− 0.81) − 0.0749* (− 0.73) − 0.1496** (− 1.50) − 0.0413** (− 0.73)
L2 0.0660*** (0.05) 0.6639 (0.43) 1.6324* (1.10) − 2.2827** (− 1.84) − 0.2307 (− 0.26) 0.9987* (0.76)
L3 − 2.5645* (− 2.30) − 1.4424** (− 1.21) 0.8242* (0.72) − 1.9303 (− 2.02) − 2.6201* (− 3.77) 0.0004* (0.58)
Lnb L1 − 0.2209** (− 1.58) − 0.2577** (− 1.53) − 0.2241 (− 1.64) − 0.2845** (− 1.57) − 0.1860** (− 1.06) 0.0292 (0.30)
L2 0.0287* (1.06) − 0.0208** (− 0.71) − 0.0540 (− 1.94) 0.0623* (2.67) 0.0096* (0.56) − 0.4184* (− 0.53)
L3 0.0115 (0.52) 0.0110*** (0.47) − 0.0121** (− 0.54) 0.0152 (0.80) 0.0056 (0.41) − 0.1357* (− 0.21)

Standard errors in parentheses, *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001