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. 2021 May 7;27(17):1943–1958. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i17.1943

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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Overview of the homologous repair pathway and roles of key proteins. A: Following double strand break, BRCA 1 binds to the site of damage, mediating end resection and initiating homologous repair. This prevents repair via non-homologous end joining; B: BRCA1 binds with PALB2 and BRCA2 which facilitates assembly of RAD51 filaments; and C: RAD51 filaments form along ssDNA, subsequently leading to strand invasion and repair. DSB: Double strand break; HR: Homologous repair; NHEJ: Non-homologous end joining; BRCA: Breast cancer susceptibility gene.