Table 1.
Ref.
|
Type of study
|
Patients (n)
|
1st-line regimen
|
2nd-line regimen
|
Median 2nd-line OS (mo)
|
Median 2nd-line PFS (mo)
|
2nd-line ORR (%)
|
2nd-line DCR (%)
|
Pelzer et al[35], 2011 | Phase III | 461 | GEM monotherapy | OFF; BSC | 4.8; 2.3 | - | - | - |
Oettle et al[36], 2014, CONKO-003 | Phase III | 160 | GEM monotherapy | OFF; FF | 5.9; 3.3 | 2.9; 2.0 | - | - |
Gill et al[37], 2016, PANCREOX | Phase III | 108 | GEM-based (approximately 75% monotherapy) | mFOLFOX6; FU/LV | 6.1; 9.9 | 3.1; 2.9 | 13.2; 8.5 | 60; 63.8 |
Wang-Gillam et al[37], 2016, NAPOLI-1 | Phase III | 417 | GEM-based2 | Nal-IRI; FU/LV; Nal-IRI + FU/LV | 4.9; 4.2; 6.1 | 2.7; 1.5; 3.1 | 6; 1; 16 | 44; 24; 52 |
Chung et al[29], 2018 | Phase II | 48 | GEM-based | mFOLFIRINOX | 9.0 | 5.8 | 18.8 | 62.5 |
Tsavaris et al[33], 2005 | Phase II | 30 | GEM | OX 50 mg/mq + FU/LV (1-h iv infusion), weekly | 6.25 | - | 23.3 | 53.3 |
Pelzer et al[32], 2009 | Phase II | 37 | GEM | OFF | 5.5 | 3.0 | 6 | 49 |
Yoo et al[34], 2009 | Phase II | 61 | GEM-based | mFOLFIRI.3; mFOLFOX | 3.9; 3.5 | 1.9; 1.4 | 0; 7 | 23; 17 |
Zaniboni et al[49], 2012 | Phase II | 50 | GEM ± platinoid | FOLFIRI | 5 | 3.2 | 8 | 36 |
Chung et al[29], 2018, SWOG S1115 | Phase II | 137 | GEM-based | Selumetinib+ MK-2206; mFOLFOX | 3.9; 6.7 | 1.9; 2.0 | 1.7; 8 | 22.4; 30.6 |
Portal et al[22], 2015 | Prospective cohort | 57 | FOLFIRINOX | NabGem | 8.8 | 5.1 | 17.5 | 58 |
Zaanan et al[47], 2014 | Prospective cohort | 46 | GEM/FOLFIRI.3 in FIRGEM trial | FOLFOX | 4.3 | 1.7 | 0 | 36 |
Wainberg et al[45], 2020 | Meta-analysis | 454 | GEM-based | FOLFOX; Nal-IRI | 6.3; 6.1 | - | - | - |
Sonbol et al[51], 2017 | Meta-analysis | 895 | GEM-based | FPOX; FPIRIFP | FPIRI vs FP: HR OS 0.7, PFS 0.64; FPOX vs FP: HR OS 1.0, PFS 0.81 | |||
Citterio et al[52], 2018 | Meta-analysis | 1587 | GEM-based | FP, OX or IRI-based | Most effective IRI-based regimens (results cannot be translated into the table) | |||
Rahma et al[43], 2013 | Systematic analysis | 1503 | GEM-based | GEM + platinum; FPOXBSC | 6.0; 5.7; 2.8 | 4; 2.9; - | - | - |
Petrelli et al[53], 2017 | Systematic analysis | - | GEM-based | OX-based; IRI-based | 5.3; 5.5 | 2.9; 2.7 | 11.9; 8.7 | 41.1; 29.4 |
Berk et al[48], 2012 | Comparative | 85 | GEM-based | FOLFOX4; XELOX | 5.8; 4.9 | 3.7; 3.7 | 17; 18 | 43; 59 |
Zhang et al[19], 2018 | Retrospective | 146 | FOLFIRINOX | NabGem; Gem alone | 5.69; 3.82 | 3.61; 2.51 | - | - |
Chae et al[21], 2020 | Retrospective | 102 | FOLFIRINOX | NabGem | 9.8 | 4.6 | 8.5 | 73.6 |
Viaud et al[17], 2017 | Retrospective | 96 | FOLFIRINOX | GEM monotherapy | 3.7 | 2.1 | - | 40 |
Gilabert et al[18], 2017 | Retrospective | 72 | FOLFIRINOX | GEM monotherapy | - | 2.5 | 11 | - |
Pointet et al[38], 2020 | Retrospective | 137 | NabGem | FOLFOX; FOLFIRI; FOLFIRINOX | 3.5; 9.7; 6.1 | 2; 6.6; 3.4 | 0; 9.5; 6.3 | 29.2; 61.9; 50 |
Lee et al[41], 2020 | Retrospective | 120 | GEM-based | FPOX; FP | 7.04; 7.43 | 2.89; 3.81 | 6.4; 5.4 | 52.6; 59.5 |
Neuzillet et al[50], 2012 | Retrospective | 63 | GEM ± platinoid | FOLFIRI | 6.6 | 3.0 | 7.9 | 39.7 |
Kieler et al[24], 2019 | Retrospective | 52 | GEM-based | Nal-IRI + FU/LV | 6.79 | 3.84 | 19.2 | 46.2 |
The trial was prematurely stopped due to insufficient accrual.
Approximately 45% of gemcitabine alone and 55% in combination. About 30% of patients had received ≥ 2 previous lines for metastatic disease, with 45% of patients pretreated with fluorouracil/leucovorin-based regimens. GEM: Gemcitabine; DCR: Disease control rate; BSC: Best supportive care; OFF: Oxaliplatin, folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil; 5FU: 5-Fluorouracil; OX: Oxaliplatin; LV: Leucovorin; FF: Folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil; Nal-IRI: Liposomal irinotecan; FOLFIRINOX: 5-Fluorouracil, folinic acid, irinotecan and oxaliplatin; FOLFOX: 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin + oxaliplatin; FPOX: Fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin-based regimens; HR: Hazard ratio; OS: Overall survival; NabGem: Nb-paclitaxel and gemcitabine; FP: Fluoropyrimidine; IRI: Irinotecan.