Summary of findings 3. Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces compared with reactive water‐filled surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention.
| Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces compared with reactive water‐filled surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention | ||||||
| Patient or population: pressure ulcer prevention Setting: any care setting Intervention: alternating pressure (active) air surfaces Comparison: reactive water‐filled surfaces | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with reactive water‐filled surfaces | Risk with alternating pressure (active) air surfaces | |||||
| Proportion of participants developing a new pressure ulcer Follow‐up: median 10 days | Study population | RR 1.21 (0.52 to 2.83) | 358 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b | It is uncertain if the proportion of people developing a new pressure ulcer is decreased or increased when alternating pressure (active) air surfaces are compared with reactive water surfaces. | |
| 52 per 1,000 | 63 per 1,000 (27 to 148) | |||||
| Time to pressure ulcer development | Included studies did not report this outcome. | |||||
| Support surface‐associated patient comfort | Included studies did not report this outcome. | |||||
| All reported adverse events | Included studies did not report this outcome. | |||||
| Health‐related quality of life | Included studies did not report this outcome. | |||||
| Cost effectiveness | Included studies did not report this outcome. | |||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate; the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited; the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate; the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||||
aDowngraded twice for high risk of detection bias in 1 study with more than 60% analysis weight and unclear overall risk of bias in another study. bDowngraded twice for substantial imprecision as the OIS was not met and the confidence interval was very wide and crossed RRs = 0.75 and 1.25.