Table 1.
HLA variants involved in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or in disease severity.
| HLA variants | Associated to | Mechanism of action |
|---|---|---|
| Genetic association on case-control and cohort studies | ||
| HLA‐A*24:02 | SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility | Unknown [19] |
| HLA-A*02:01 | Increased risk for severe COVID-19 outcome | Lower capacity to present SARS-CoV-2 antigens [20] |
| HLA-A*11:01, HLA-A*24:02 | Protection against COVID-19 | More efficient T cell-mediated antiviral responses to SARS-CoV-2 [20] |
| HLA-B*22 | Susceptibility marker for SARS-CoV-2 | Unknown [21] |
| HLA-A*01:01 g-B*08:01 g-C*07:01 g-DRB1*03:01 g | Susceptibility marker of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcome | Unknown [22] |
| HLA-A*02:01 g-B*18:01 g-C*07:01 g-DRB1*11:04 g | Protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection | Unknown [22] |
| HLA-B*27:07, HLA-DRB1*15:01, HLA-DQB1*06:02 | Worst COVID-19 outcome | Unknown [23] |
| HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 | Higher susceptibility to COVID-19 | Unknown [24] |
| HLA-B*15:03 | Severe evolution of COVID-19 | Unknown [25] |
| HLA-A*25:01 | Moderate evolution of COVID-19 | Unknown [25] |
| HLA-A*32 | Higher frequency in healthy controls | Unknown [26] |
| HLA-B*39, HLA-C*16 | More represented in COVID-19 patients | Unknown [26] |
| HLA-C*05 | Higher mortality | Unknown [27] |
| HLA-DRB1*08 | Higher risk of and death | Unknown [36] |
| HLA-E*0101 | High severity of COVID-19 | Lower NKG2C + NK cell response [66] |
| Bioinformatic in silico epitope prediction studies | ||
| HLA‐B*15:03 | Protection against SARS-CoV-2 | High presentation of SARS-CoV-2 immunogenic epitopes [47] |
| HLA‐B*46:01 | Severe symptoms | Reduced presentation of SARS-CoV-2 peptides [47] |
| HLA-A*02:02, HLA-A*11:01, HLA-B*40:01, HLA-B*35:01 | Lower risk for severe COVID-19 | High capacity to present SARS-CoV-2 antigens [49] |
| HLA‐DRB1*01 | Fatality rate in hospitalized patients | Unknown [51] |
| HLA-A*01:01, HLA-A*02:01, HLA-A*03:01, HLA-A*23:01, HLA-A*24:02, HLA-A*26:01, HLA-A*30:02, HLA-A*31:01, HLA-A*68:01, HLA-B*07:02, HLA-B*18:01, HLA-B*35:03, HLA-B*38:01, HLA-B*44:02, HLA-B*44:03, HLA-B*51:01, HLA-C*05:01, HLA-C*07:01, HLA-C*07:02, HLA-C*08:02, HLA-C*15:02, HLA-C*17:01 | Protection against COVID-19 | Strong binding to SARS-CoV-2 peptides [52] |