Table 4.
Whole cohort | Excluding neuropsychiatric disorders | Excluding anxiety disorders | Excluding psychotic disorders | Excluding affective disorders | Excluding substance use disorders | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compulsory education, eligibility to access upper secondary educationa | ||||||
Vocational programme | ||||||
All | 0.31 (0.30–0.33) | 0.35 (0.33–0.38) | 0.32 (0.30–0.34) | 0.31 (0.30–0.33) | 0.26 (0.25–0.28) | 0.32 (0.30–0.33) |
Female | 0.28 (0.26–0.30) | 0.32 (0.29–0.34) | 0.28 (0.25–0.30) | 0.28 (0.26–0.30) | 0.24 (0.21–0.26) | 0.29 (0.27–0.31) |
Male | 0.36 (0.33–0.38) | 0.41 (0.37–0.45) | 0.36 (0.33–0.40) | 0.35 (0.33–0.38) | 0.29 (0.26–0.32) | 0.35 (0.32–0.38) |
Academic programme | ||||||
All | 0.52 (0.50–0.55) | 0.59 (0.56–0.62) | 0.54 (0.52–0.57) | 0.53 (0.51–0.55) | 0.50 (0.47–0.54) | 0.54 (0.52–0.57) |
Female | 0.52 (0.49–0.54) | 0.58 (0.54–0.61) | 0.52 (0.49–0.56) | 0.52 (0.49–0.55) | 0.52 (0.48–0.57) | 0.54 (0.51–0.57) |
Male | 0.54 (0.50–0.57) | 0.61 (0.57–0.66) | 0.57 (0.53–0.62) | 0.54 (0.51–0.58) | 0.48 (0.44–0.53) | 0.55 (0.52–0.59) |
Post-compulsory education | ||||||
Finishing upper secondary educationb | ||||||
All | 0.19 (0.19–0.20) | 0.22 (0.21–0.23) | 0.21 (0.20–0.22) | 0.20 (0.19–0.20) | 0.20 (0.19–0.21) | 0.21 (0.20–0.22) |
Female | 0.18 (0.17–0.19) | 0.20 (0.19–0.21) | 0.19 (0.18–0.20) | 0.18 (0.17–0.19) | 0.18 (0.17–0.20) | 0.20 (0.19–0.21) |
Male | 0.21 (0.20–0.22) | 0.24 (0.23–0.26) | 0.23 (0.21–0.24) | 0.22 (0.21–0.23) | 0.21 (0.19–0.22) | 0.23 (0.22–0.24) |
Starting a university degreec | ||||||
All | 0.47 (0.45–0.49) | 0.54 (0.52–0.56) | 0.56 (0.53–0.59) | 0.48 (0.46–0.50) | 0.49 (0.46–0.52) | 0.54 (0.52–0.57) |
Female | 0.43 (0.40–0.45) | 0.49 (0.46–0.52) | 0.51 (0.48–0.55) | 0.43 (0.41–0.45) | 0.45 (0.41–0.49) | 0.49 (0.45–0.51) |
Male | 0.54 (0.51–0.58) | 0.64 (0.59–0.68) | 0.62 (0.57–0.67) | 0.56 (0.52–0.60) | 0.55 (0.50–0.60) | 0.67 (0.62–0.71) |
Obtaining a university degreed | ||||||
All | 0.35 (0.33–0.37) | 0.41 (0.38–0.43) | 0.41 (0.38–0.45) | 0.36 (0.34–0.38) | 0.42 (0.38–0.46) | 0.41 (0.39–0.44) |
Female | 0.33 (0.30–0.35) | 0.37 (0.34–0.40) | 0.39 (0.35–0.43) | 0.33 (0.31–0.36) | 0.39 (0.34–0.43) | 0.37 (0.35–0.41) |
Male | 0.40 (0.36–0.45) | 0.50 (0.45–0.55) | 0.46 (0.40–0.52) | 0.42 (0.38–0.47) | 0.47 (0.41–0.54) | 0.51 (0.45–0.57) |
Finishing post graduate educatione | ||||||
All | 0.58 (0.43–0.80) | 0.63 (0.45–0.88) | 0.75 (0.51–1.10) | 0.56 (0.41–0.78) | 0.60 (0.37–0.97) | 0.75 (0.55–1.03) |
Female | 0.57 (0.36–0.90) | 0.64 (0.40–1.02) | 0.69 (0.38–1.25) | 0.53 (0.33–0.86) | 0.64 (0.32–1.28) | 0.69 (0.44–1.09) |
Male | 0.60 (0.39–0.92) | 0.62 (0.38–0.99) | 0.79 (0.48–1.32) | 0.59 (0.38–0.93) | 0.57 (0.30–1.11) | 0.81 (0.52–1.27) |
Note: All odds ratios are obtained by multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for sex, year of birth, maternal age at birth and paternal age at birth and clustered by mother with robust standard error estimation (sandwich estimator). Separate analyses for males and females did not adjust for sex. Statistically significant findings are highlighted in bold. ICD codes for the disorders that constitute each group of psychiatric comorbidities are reported in online Supplementary Table S1.
Subcohort of individuals graduating compulsory school between 1998 and 2013 and not having died or emigrated from Sweden before age of 15 years.
Subcohort of individuals born in 1973–1994 and not having died or emigrated from Sweden before age of 19 years.
Subcohort of individuals born in 1973–1992 and not having died or emigrated from Sweden before age of 21 years.
Subcohort of individuals born in 1973–1988 and not having died or emigrated from Sweden before age of 25 years.
Subcohort of individuals born in 1973–1983 and not having died or emigrated from Sweden before age of 30 years.