Table 8.

Summary of Factorial Invariance Testing Final Models with Two-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Invariance level	m	χ2 test			Model fit			Model comparison	χ2 difference test			ΔCFI
		χ2	df	p-value	CFI	RMSEA (90% CI)	SRMR		Δχ2	Δdf	p-value
Diagnosis (n = 399)
1. Configural	1	27.290	26	0.394	0.998	0.016 (0.000,0.059)	0.034
2. Metric	1	43.001	31	0.074	0.983	0.044 (0.000,0.073)	0.076	1 vs. 2	15.984	5	0.007	0.015
3. Scalar	2	54.711	34	0.014	0.971	0.055 (0.025,0.081)	0.082	2 vs. 3	12.006	3	0.007	0.012
4. Residual variance	4	63.435	36	0.003	0.961	0.062 (0.036,0.086)	0.114	3 vs. 4	9.145	2	0.010	0.010
5. Factor variance-covariance	2	64.103	37	0.004	0.962	0.061 (0.034,0.085)	0.114	4 vs. 5	0.383	1	0.536	0.000
6. Factor mean	2	64.103	37	0.004	0.962	0.061 (0.034,0.085)	0.114	5 vs. 6a	-	-	-	-
Sex (n = 411)
1. Configural	0	43.323	26	0.018	0.985	0.057 (0.024,0.086)	0.039
2. Metric	0	53.196	31	0.008	0.981	0.059 (0.030,0.085)	0.071	1 vs. 2	9.948	5	0.077	0.004
3. Scalar	1	57.092	35	0.011	0.981	0.055 (0.027,0.081)	0.071	2 vs. 3	3.650	4	0.455	0.000
4. Residual variance	0	77.096	42	0.001	0.971	0.064 (0.041,0.086)	0.087	3 vs. 4	18.712	7	0.009	0.011
5. Factor variance-covariance	0	74.552	45	0.004	0.975	0.057 (0.032,0.079)	0.092	4 vs. 5	0.498	3	0.919	−0.005
6. Factor mean	0	76.458	47	0.004	0.975	0.055 (0.031,0.077)	0.097	5 vs. 6	1.723	2	0.423	0.000
Race/Ethinicity (n = 404)
1. Configural	1	42.337	25	0.017	0.984	0.059 (0.025,0.088)	0.034
2. Metric	1	53.200	29	0.004	0.978	0.064 (0.036,0.091)	0.062	1 vs. 2	10.402	4	0.034	0.006
3. Scalar	0	61.373	34	0.003	0.975	0.063 (0.037,0.088)	0.065	2 vs. 3	8.251	5	0.143	0.003
4. Residual variance	1	65.809	40	0.006	0.976	0.057 (0.030,0.080)	0.089	3 vs. 4	5.685	6	0.459	−0.001
5. Factor variance-covariance	0	77.352	43	0.001	0.968	0.063 (0.040,0.085)	0.111	4 vs. 5	11.701	3	0.008	0.008
6. Factor mean	1	80.958	44	0.001	0.966	0.064 (0.042,0.086)	0.123	5 vs. 6	3.701	1	0.054	0.002
Education (n = 411)
1. Configural	0	47.879	26	0.006	0.981	0.064 (0.034,0.092)	0.034
2. Metric	0	52.186	31	0.010	0.981	0.058 (0.028,0.084)	0.049	1 vs. 2	4.503	5	0.479	−0.001
3. Scalar	0	58.326	36	0.011	0.980	0.055 (0.027,0.080)	0.055	2 vs. 3	6.087	5	0.298	0.001
4. Residual variance	3	68.185	40	0.004	0.975	0.059 (0.033,0.082)	0.070	3 vs. 4	9.764	4	0.045	0.005
5. Factor variance-covariance	2	67.858	41	0.005	0.976	0.056 (0.031,0.080)	0.084	4 vs. 5	0.499	1	0.480	−0.001
6. Factor mean	2	67.858	41	0.005	0.976	0.056 (0.031,0.080)	0.084	5 vs. 6a	-	-	-	-

Note. m = number of parameters allowed to differ across groups; CFI = comparative fit index; RMSEA = root mean squared error of approximation; SRMR = standardized root mean squared residual; Δχ² = the Satorra-Bentler (SB) scaled correction χ² difference statistic; Δdf = change in df; ΔCFI = change in CFI. Model fit is considered adequate by meeting the following criteria: CFI ≥ 0.95, RMSEA ≤ 0.08, SRMR ≤ 0.08. Violation of invariance is considered under the following criteria: significant Δχ² (p <.01), ΔCFI > .01.

^aχ² difference test and ΔCFI are not applicable because the two models are identical.