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. 2021 Mar 10;10:196. [Version 1] doi: 10.12688/f1000research.51479.1

Figure 1. Cladogram of the phylogeny of coronaviruses infecting humans ( Ceraolo & Giorgi, 2020; Forni et al., 2017).

Figure 1.

Viruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2 are found in bats. Bats and civets are the probable sources of SARS-CoV-1, and camels are alternative hosts for MERS-CoV. The first reported outbreaks in people by infections with SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 occurred in 2002, 2012, and 2019, respectively, with differences in number of deaths and case fatality ratios among registered cases (percentages indicated in regular font between parentheses) ( https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/summary-of-probable-sars-cases-with-onset-of-illness-from-1-november-2002-to-31-july-2003; https://www.who.int/health-topics/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-mers; https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths are not always registered and based on data from New York it was estimated that the true fatality rates may be ~1.4% (Italic font) ( Yang et al., 2021).