Table IV.

 Estimated Association of Obesity and Hypertension on Metabolic Risk Factors

	Obesity	HBP	Obesity and HBP
Abnormal glucose tolerance, OR (95% CI)a	2.22 (1.47–3.34)	1.84 (1.23–2.74)	4.07 (2.29–7.23)
Expected difference in HDL, mean (95% CI), mg/dLb	−5.68 (−8.37 to −2.99)	0.31 (−2.39 to 3.00)	−5.38 (−9.09 to −1.66)
Expected difference in LDL, mean (95% CI), mg/dLb	8.78 (3.41–14.15)	−0.43 (−5.81 to 4.96)	8.35 (0.94–15.77)
Expected relative difference in triglycerides, GMR (95% CI)c	1.08 (0.99–1.18)	1.21 (1.10–1.32)	1.31 (1.16–1.48)
Expected relative difference in HOMA, GMR (95% CI)c	1.60 (1.39–1.86)	1.18 (1.02–1.37)	1.90 (1.55–2.32)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HBP, high blood pressure; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein. ^aOdds ratios (ORs) modeled from cumulative odds model increasing levels of glucose tolerance status (0=normal, 1=impaired/diabetic). ^bAdditive regression model coefficients. ^cThese dependent variable data were natural log‐transformed to correct for skewness in regression models. The results are presented as geometric mean ratios (GMRs) representing multiplicative increases in the dependent variable (eg, triglycerides) associated with the independent variable (eg, obesity). All models include age, sex, smoking, and alcohol use.