Table 2.
Participant characteristics in different gaming groups.
| Variable | Gaming behavior (N=2863) | P value | |||||||||||||
| None | Leisure | Excessive | Pathological | Overall |
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| Gendera, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
Male (n=1346) | 85 (6.3) | 833 (61.9) | 332 (24.7) | 96 (7.1) | 1346 (100) |
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|
Female (n=1502) | 258 (17.2) | 927 (61.7) | 261 (17.4) | 56 (3.7) | 1502 (100) |
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|
|
Total (n=2848) | 343 (12.0) | 1760 (61.8) | 593 (20.8) | 152 (5.3) | 2848 (100) |
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| School groupa, n (%) | .04 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
Primary (n=599) | 62 (10.4) | 368 (61.4) | 145 (24.2) | 24 (4.0) | 599 (100) |
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|
|
Secondary (n=2264) | 283 (12.5) | 1400 (61.8) | 452 (20.0) | 129 (5.7) | 2264 (100) |
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|
|
Total (N=2863) | 345 (12.1) | 1768 (61.8) | 597 (20.9) | 153 (5.3) | 2863 (100) |
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| Live with parenta, n (%) | .003 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
Both parents (n=2282) | 283 (12.4) | 1436 (62.9) | 457 (20.0) | 106 (4.6) | 2282 (100) |
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|
|
Father (n=109) | 7 (6.4) | 62 (56.9) | 30 (27.5) | 10 (9.2) | 109 (100) |
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Mother (n=324) | 38 (11.7) | 180 (55.6) | 77 (23.8) | 29 (9.0) | 324 (100) |
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Neither parent (n=103) | 11 (10.7) | 70 (68.0) | 18 (17.5) | 4 (3.9) | 103 (100) |
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|
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Total (n=2818) | 339 (12.0) | 1748 (62.0) | 582 (20.7) | 149 (5.3) | 2818 (100) |
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| Father’s education levela, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
Primary school (n=112) | 13 (11.6) | 67 (59.8) | 24 (21.4) | 8 (7.1) | 112 (100) |
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Middle school (n=1034) | 106 (10.3) | 652 (63.1) | 221 (21.4) | 55 (5.3) | 1034 (100) |
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University or above (n=577) | 114 (19.8) | 358 (62.0) | 83 (14.4) | 22 (3.8) | 577 (100) |
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Total (n=1723) | 233 (13.5) | 1077 (62.5) | 328 (19.0) | 85 (4.9) | 1723 (100) |
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| Mother’s education levela, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
Primary school (n=122) | 17 (13.9) | 71 (58.2) | 27 (22.1) | 7 (5.7) | 122 (100) |
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Middle school (n=1075) | 124 (11.5) | 658 (61.2) | 229 (21.3) | 64 (6.0) | 1075 (100) |
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|
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University or above (n=569) | 93 (16.3) | 379 (66.6) | 75 (13.2) | 22 (3.9) | 569 (100) |
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|
|
Total (n=1766) | 234 (13.3) | 1108 (62.7) | 331 (18.7) | 93 (5.3) | 1766 (100) |
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| Father has a paid joba, n (%) | .32 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
No (n=132) | 17 (12.9) | 75 (56.8) | 31 (23.5) | 9 (6.8) | 132 (100) |
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|
|
Yes (n=1905) | 238 (12.5) | 1207 (63.4) | 379 (19.9) | 81 (4.3) | 1905 (100) |
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|
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Total (n=2037) | 255 (12.5) | 1282 (62.9) | 410 (20.1) | 90 (4.4) | 2037 (100) |
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| Mother has a paid joba, n (%) | .26 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
No (n=659) | 98 (14.9) | 397 (60.2) | 135 (20.5) | 29 (4.4) | 659 (100) |
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|
|
Yes (n=1429) | 170 (11.9) | 905 (63.3) | 286 (20.0) | 68 (4.8) | 1429 (100) |
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|
|
Total (n=2088) | 268 (12.8) | 1302 (62.4) | 421 (20.2) | 97 (4.6) | 2088 (100) |
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| Family owns a cara, n (%) | .41 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
No (n=1848) | 240 (13.0) | 1128 (61.0) | 391 (21.2) | 89 (4.8) | 1848 (100) |
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|
|
Yes (n=693) | 81 (11.7) | 446 (64.4) | 131 (18.9) | 35 (5.1) | 693 (100) |
|
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|
|
Total (n=2541) | 321 (12.6) | 1574 (61.9) | 522 (20.5) | 124 (4.9) | 2541 (100) |
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| Number of household appliancesb, mean (SD) | 4.90 (1.34) | 4.82 (1.48) | 4.71 (1.51) | 4.59 (1.61) | 4.80 (1.48) | .07 | |||||||||
| Number of e-learning devicesb, mean (SD) | 2.60 (1.00) | 2.64 (1.01) | 2.43 (0.93) | 2.33 (1.02) | 2.57 (1.00) | <.001 | |||||||||
| Home internet access satisfaction scoreb, mean (SD) | 3.05 (0.99) | 3.10 (0.89) | 2.93 (0.97) | 2.76 (1.01) | 3.04 (0.93) | <.001 | |||||||||
| Age (years)b, mean (SD) | 12.64 (1.31) | 12.63 (1.30) | 12.45 (1.39) | 12.78 (1.23) | 12.61 (1.32) | .01 | |||||||||
| Parental support (MSPSSc family subscale score)b, mean (SD) | 4.00 (1.20) | 3.94 (1.27) | 3.79 (1.20) | 3.63 (1.13) | 3.90 (1.24) | .002 | |||||||||
| Parental supervision scoreb, mean (SD) | 4.36 (1.23) | 4.22 (1.25) | 4.09 (1.24) | 3.87 (1.12) | 4.19 (1.24) | <.001 | |||||||||
| Loneliness scoreb, mean (SD) | 0.53 (0.92) | 0.47 (0.84) | 0.60 (0.88) | 0.75 (1.07) | 0.52 (0.87) | <.001 | |||||||||
| Depression (PHQ-9d score)b, mean (SD) | 5.52 (5.19) | 4.75 (4.84) | 6.73 (5.29) | 8.63 (6.51) | 5.44 (5.18) | <.001 | |||||||||
| Anxiety (GAD-7e scale score)b, mean (SD) | 4.18 (4.81) | 3.38 (4.66) | 4.76 (5.16) | 6.15 (6.29) | 3.91 (4.94) | <.001 | |||||||||
aChi-square tests were performed to compare differences in game addiction with respect to different characteristics.
bOne-way analyses of variance were performed to compare differences in game addiction with respect to different characteristics.
cMSPSS: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.
dPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
eGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.