Table I.
Propensity Score Matching
| Before Matching | After Matching | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARB (n=3207) | ACE Inhibitor (n=19,337) | SD | VR | ARB (n=3207) | ACE Inhibitor (n=3207) | SD | VR | |
| Female | 38.2% | 50.2% | .24 | 38.2% | 38.2% | .00 | ||
| Race, white | 98.3% | 97.9% | .03 | 98.3% | 98.4% | .00 | ||
| Race, black | 0.9% | 1.0% | .01 | 0.9% | 1.0% | .01 | ||
| Race, other | 0.7% | 1.0% | .03 | 0.7% | 0.6% | .02 | ||
| Age | 67.8 (13.3) | 65.4 (13.7) | .18 | 0.94 | 67.8 (13.3) | 67.7 (13.2) | .01 | 0.99 |
| BMI | 32.1 (7.0) | 31.9 (7.0) | 0.04 | 1.02 | 32.1 (7.0) | 32.3 (7.4) | .02 | 1.10 |
| Encounters in the past year, No. | 5.7 (5.5) | 5.7 (5.5) | 0.00 | 0.98 | 5.7 (5.5) | 5.7 (5.5) | .00 | 1.00 |
| Years between ACE‐ARB date and data pull | 5.3 (1.8) | 4.8 (1.9) | 0.24 | 0.91 | 5.3 (1.8) | 5.2 (1.8) | .01 | 1.02 |
| Systolic BP | 143.7 (20.6) | 144.2 (20.2) | 0.03 | 1.05 | 143.7 (20.6) | 143.8 (21.0) | .00 | 1.04 |
| Diastolic BP | 80.9 (12.0) | 81.9 (12.5) | 0.09 | 0.93 | 80.9 (12.0) | 80.7 (12.4) | .01 | 1.05 |
| Pulse | 74.2 (11.7) | 74.2 (12.2) | 0.00 | 0.92 | 74.2 (11.7) | 74.0 (11.9) | .02 | 1.04 |
| BUN observed | 86.0% | 88.5% | 0.08 | 86.0% | 85.3% | .02 | ||
| BUN value | 18.7 (9.0) | 17.5 (7.2) | 0.16 | 1.55 | 18.7 (9.0) | 18.4 (8.3) | .04 | 0.85 |
| LDL observed | 72.2% | 78.5% | 0.15 | 72.2% | 70.4% | .04 | ||
| LDL value | 110.4 (34.7) | 110.7 (34.1) | 0.01 | 1.03 | 110.4 (34.7) | 110.2 (34.0) | .01 | 0.96 |
| HDL observed | 72.2% | 78.4% | 0.14 | 72.2% | 71.0% | .03 | ||
| HDL value | 51.3 (14.8) | 50.4 (14.7) | 0.06 | 1.01 | 51.3 (14.8) | 51.2 (14.9) | .01 | 1.02 |
| Cholesterol observed | 73.7% | 80.1% | 0.15 | 73.7% | 72.4% | .03 | ||
| Cholesterol value | 196.5 (41.7) | 195.1 (41.1) | 0.03 | 1.02 | 196.5 (41.7) | 197.1 (42.0) | .02 | 1.02 |
| GFR observed | 38.3% | 47.3% | 0.18 | 38.3% | 38.4% | .00 | ||
| GFR <15 | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.03 | 0.7% | 0.7% | .00 | ||
| GFR 15–30 | 2.0% | 0.7% | 0.12 | 2.0% | 1.2% | .06 | ||
| GFR 30–60 | 20.5% | 13.3% | 0.19 | 20.5% | 20.8% | .01 | ||
| GFR >60 | 76.7% | 85.5% | 0.23 | 76.7% | 77.2% | .01 | ||
| HbA1c observed | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.08 | 31.6% | 32.1% | .01 | ||
| HbA1c value | 7.0 (1.4) | 7.1 (1.5) | 0.07 | 0.84 | 7.0 (1.4) | 7.0 (1.4) | .02 | 1.04 |
| Triglycerides observed | 71.4% | 77.6% | 0.14 | 71.4% | 70.2% | .03 | ||
| Triglycerides value | 184.2 (112.0) | 180.7 (130.2) | 0.03 | 0.74 | 184.2 (112.0) | 187.2 (111.8) | .03 | 1.00 |
| Potassium observed | 86.2% | 89.0% | 0.08 | 86.2% | 85.7% | .01 | ||
| Potassium value | 4.3 (0.45) | 4.3 (0.43) | 0.04 | 1.09 | 4.3 (0.45) | 4.3 (0.43) | .01 | 0.92 |
| Prior use of β‐blockers | 26.8% | 26.7% | 0.00 | 26.8% | 26.6% | .00 | ||
| Prior use of calcium channel blockers | 17.4% | 12.4% | 0.14 | 17.4% | 17.7% | .01 | ||
| Prior use of thiazides | 16.5% | 21.2% | 0.12 | 16.5% | 15.9% | .02 | ||
| Comorbidity history | ||||||||
| Hyperlipidemia | 53.6% | 54.3% | 0.01 | 53.6% | 52.4% | .02 | ||
| Ischemic HD | 19.0% | 18.5% | 0.01 | 19.0% | 18.9% | .00 | ||
| Asthma | 9.3% | 8.0% | 0.04 | 9.3% | 8.4% | .03 | ||
| COPD | 6.7% | 6.1% | 0.03 | 6.7% | 6.3% | .02 | ||
| CKD | 3.4% | 1.9% | 0.09 | 3.4% | 3.4% | .00 | ||
| MI | 1.2% | 1.7% | 0.04 | 1.2% | 1.2% | .00 | ||
| CHF | 5.9% | 5.2% | 0.03 | 5.9% | 5.8% | .01 | ||
| PVD | 3.9% | 4.0% | 0.00 | 3.9% | 3.6% | .01 | ||
| CVD | 8.6% | 7.7% | 0.03 | 8.6% | 9.1% | .02 | ||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 15.6% | 14.5% | 0.03 | 15.6% | 14.4% | .03 | ||
| Connective tissue disease‐rheumatic disease | 3.3% | 2.6% | 0.05 | 3.3% | 3.2% | .01 | ||
| Diabetes | 24.9% | 28.1% | 0.07 | 24.9% | 26.2% | .03 | ||
| Cancer | 9.6% | 10.9% | 0.04 | 9.6% | 9.5% | .00 | ||
| CAD | 17.6% | 17.0% | 0.01 | 17.6% | 17.6% | .00 | ||
| Cardiomyopathy | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.02 | 0.7% | 0.7% | .01 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 5.0% | 4.6% | 0.02 | 5.0% | 5.1% | .01 | ||
| Hypertensive heart disease with heart failure | 2.4% | 1.6% | 0.06 | 2.4% | 2.1% | .02 | ||
| Chronic pulmonary heart disease | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.02 | 0.4% | 0.5% | .00 | ||
| Dysrhythmias | 7.3% | 6.6% | 0.03 | 7.3% | 7.1% | .01 | ||
| Respiratory symptoms | 22.3% | 22.9% | 0.01 | 22.3% | 22.9% | .01 | ||
| Stroke (hemorrhagic or ischemic) | 4.3% | 3.8% | 0.03 | 4.3% | 4.9% | .03 | ||
| Angina | 2.0% | 2.1% | 0.01 | 2.0% | 2.5% | .04 | ||
| Charlson score: 0 | 48.1% | 46.9% | 0.02 | 48.1% | 48.2% | .00 | ||
| Charlson score: 1–3 | 48.8% | 49.8% | 0.02 | 48.8% | 48.6% | .00 | ||
| Charlson score: 4+ | 3.2% | 3.4% | 0.01 | 3.2% | 3.2% | .00 | ||
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BUN, serum urea nitrogen; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HD, heart disease; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; MI, myocardial infarction; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SD, standardized difference; VR, variance ratio.