Table I.
Sample Characteristics According to the Presence of Clinical Lipodystrophy
| Without CL | With CL | P Value | |
| No. (%) | 149 (40.9) | 215 (59.1) | |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||
| Male | 87 (58.4) | 163 (75.8) | <.001 |
| Female | 62 (41.6) | 52 (24.2) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 44.4 (12.0) | 47.0 (11.0) | .010 |
| Duration, mean (SD) | 6.7 (3.9) | 9.2 (4.1) | <.001 |
| cART, mean (SD) | 5.0 (3.8) | 8.0 (4.0) | <.001 |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 73.7 (14.3) | 66.2 (12.5) | <.001 |
| Height, mean (SD), m | 1.65 (0.09) | 1.66 (0.09) | .383 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 27.1 (5.1) | 24.0 (3.9) | <.001 |
| Waist circumference, mean (SD), cm | 95.5 (13.3) | 89.5 (10.6) | <.001 |
| Hip circumference, mean (SD), cm | 100.7 (9.4) | 91.6 (6.2) | <.001 |
| Thigh circumference, mean (SD), cm | 50.4 (6.2) | 46.1 (6.1) | <.001 |
| Arm circumference, mean (SD), cm | 28.2 (3.4) | 26.6 (4.0) | <.001 |
| Neck circumference, mean (SD), cm | 37.0 (3.9) | 37.2 (4.0) | .856 |
| Waist/hip circumference ratio, mean (SD) | 0.95 (0.09) | 0.98 (0.08) | .006 |
| CD4 cell count, mean (SD), cells/mm3 | 503.5 (311.6) | 573.4 (324.0) | .010 |
| HIV RNA (<50), No. (%) | 121 (83.4) | 197 (91.2) | .026 |
| HIV risk factor, No. (%) | |||
| Inject | 31 (20.8) | 63 (29.4) | .002 |
| Homosexual | 12 (8.1) | 30 (14.0) | |
| Heterosexual | 105 (70.5) | 111 (51.9) | |
| Other | 1 (0.7) | 10 (4.7) | |
| CDC, No. (%) | |||
| A | 82 (55.4) | 118 (55.7) | .056 |
| B | 6 (4.1) | 1 (0.5) | |
| C | 60 (40.5) | 93 (43.9) | |
| ART, No. (%) | |||
| PI | 88 (61.1) | 116 (54.2) | .263 |
| NNRTI | 63 (44.1) | 104 (48.8) | .438 |
| NRTI | 137 (95.8) | 210 (98.6) | .064 |
| Body fat mass by quantitative CT | |||
| Total fat, mean (SD), cm2 | 345.8 (163.2) | 230.9 (133.1) | <.001 |
| Central fat, mean (SD), cm2 | 131.2 (86.5) | 127.1 (79.9) | .886 |
| Peripheral fat, mean (SD), cm2 | 214.6 (125.0) | 103.8 (82.9) | <.001 |
| Central/peripheral, mean (SD) | 0.82 (0.84) | 2.06 (2.41) | <.001 |
| FMR by DXA, mean (SD) | 1.24 (0.53) | 1.98 (0.98) | <.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 120.6 (19.0) | 120.5 (17.2) | .978 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 75.6 (13.3) | 75.6 (10.9) | .945 |
| Taking antihypertensive medications, No. (%) | 21 (14.1%) | 44 (20.6%) | .149 |
| Smoking history, No. (%) | |||
| Never | 66 (45.2) | 71 (34.5) | .103 |
| Current | 59 (40.4) | 94 (45.6) | |
| Former | 21 (14.4) | 41 (19.9%) | |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for staging of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; CL, clinical lipodystrophy; CT, computed tomography; DXA, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry; FMR, fat mass ratio; NNRTI, non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; SD, standard deviation.