Table I.
Sample Characteristics According to the Presence of Clinical Lipodystrophy
Without CL | With CL | P Value | |
No. (%) | 149 (40.9) | 215 (59.1) | |
Sex, No. (%) | |||
Male | 87 (58.4) | 163 (75.8) | <.001 |
Female | 62 (41.6) | 52 (24.2) | |
Age, mean (SD), y | 44.4 (12.0) | 47.0 (11.0) | .010 |
Duration, mean (SD) | 6.7 (3.9) | 9.2 (4.1) | <.001 |
cART, mean (SD) | 5.0 (3.8) | 8.0 (4.0) | <.001 |
Weight, mean (SD), kg | 73.7 (14.3) | 66.2 (12.5) | <.001 |
Height, mean (SD), m | 1.65 (0.09) | 1.66 (0.09) | .383 |
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 27.1 (5.1) | 24.0 (3.9) | <.001 |
Waist circumference, mean (SD), cm | 95.5 (13.3) | 89.5 (10.6) | <.001 |
Hip circumference, mean (SD), cm | 100.7 (9.4) | 91.6 (6.2) | <.001 |
Thigh circumference, mean (SD), cm | 50.4 (6.2) | 46.1 (6.1) | <.001 |
Arm circumference, mean (SD), cm | 28.2 (3.4) | 26.6 (4.0) | <.001 |
Neck circumference, mean (SD), cm | 37.0 (3.9) | 37.2 (4.0) | .856 |
Waist/hip circumference ratio, mean (SD) | 0.95 (0.09) | 0.98 (0.08) | .006 |
CD4 cell count, mean (SD), cells/mm3 | 503.5 (311.6) | 573.4 (324.0) | .010 |
HIV RNA (<50), No. (%) | 121 (83.4) | 197 (91.2) | .026 |
HIV risk factor, No. (%) | |||
Inject | 31 (20.8) | 63 (29.4) | .002 |
Homosexual | 12 (8.1) | 30 (14.0) | |
Heterosexual | 105 (70.5) | 111 (51.9) | |
Other | 1 (0.7) | 10 (4.7) | |
CDC, No. (%) | |||
A | 82 (55.4) | 118 (55.7) | .056 |
B | 6 (4.1) | 1 (0.5) | |
C | 60 (40.5) | 93 (43.9) | |
ART, No. (%) | |||
PI | 88 (61.1) | 116 (54.2) | .263 |
NNRTI | 63 (44.1) | 104 (48.8) | .438 |
NRTI | 137 (95.8) | 210 (98.6) | .064 |
Body fat mass by quantitative CT | |||
Total fat, mean (SD), cm2 | 345.8 (163.2) | 230.9 (133.1) | <.001 |
Central fat, mean (SD), cm2 | 131.2 (86.5) | 127.1 (79.9) | .886 |
Peripheral fat, mean (SD), cm2 | 214.6 (125.0) | 103.8 (82.9) | <.001 |
Central/peripheral, mean (SD) | 0.82 (0.84) | 2.06 (2.41) | <.001 |
FMR by DXA, mean (SD) | 1.24 (0.53) | 1.98 (0.98) | <.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 120.6 (19.0) | 120.5 (17.2) | .978 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 75.6 (13.3) | 75.6 (10.9) | .945 |
Taking antihypertensive medications, No. (%) | 21 (14.1%) | 44 (20.6%) | .149 |
Smoking history, No. (%) | |||
Never | 66 (45.2) | 71 (34.5) | .103 |
Current | 59 (40.4) | 94 (45.6) | |
Former | 21 (14.4) | 41 (19.9%) |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for staging of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; CL, clinical lipodystrophy; CT, computed tomography; DXA, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry; FMR, fat mass ratio; NNRTI, non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; SD, standard deviation.