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The relative risk of death by levels of proteinuria determined by positive urine protein dipstick (Ames Labstix, Elkhart, IN). The relative risk was established against patients without proteinuria and adjusted for age, cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, smoking, antihypertensive use, change in glomerular filtration rate, study group, and race. With permission from Grimm and colleagues. 14 CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; CHD, coronary heart disease.
