TABLE 1.
Demographics and Baseline Characteristics
| Overall (N = 2,349) | No Ischemia or LGE (n = 1,583) | Ischemia or LGE (n = 766) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical data | ||||
| Follow-up, yrs | 5.4 (4.6–6.8) | 5.5 (4.6–6.9) | 5.3 (4.3–6.5) | <0.001 |
| Age, yrs | 63 ± 11 | 62 ± 11 | 63 ± 11 | 0.61 |
| Female | 1,104 (47.0) | 821 (52.0) | 283 (37.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31 ± 7 | 31 ± 7 | 30 ± 7 | <0.001 |
| No. of cardiac risk factors | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–5) | <0.001 |
| Risk factors* | ||||
| Hypertension | 1,843 (78.0) | 1,196 (76.0) | 647 (85.0) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 1,647 (70.0) | 1,053 (67.0) | 594 (78.0) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 664 (28.0) | 409 (26.0) | 255 (33.0) | <0.001 |
| Significant smoking, >10 pack-yrs | 757 (32.0) | 457 (29.0) | 300 (40.0) | <0.001 |
| History of premature CAD in first-degree relative | 761 (34.0) | 495 (32.0) | 266 (37.0) | 0.03 |
| CAD Consortium score, basic† | 34 (24–54) | 34 (17–47) | 44 (28–54) | <0.001 |
| History of PCI‡ | 538 (23.0) | 244 (15.0) | 294 (38.0) | <0.001 |
| History of MI‡ | 358 (15.0) | 110 (7.0) | 248 (33.0) | <0.001 |
| History of heart failure‡ | 245 (10.0) | 113 (7.0) | 132 (17.0) | <0.001 |
| Presenting reasons | ||||
| Chest pain | 1,303 (55.0) | 885 (56.0) | 418 (55.0) | 0.60 |
| Dyspnea or fatigue on exertion | 509 (22.0) | 338 (21.0) | 171 (22.0) | 0.59 |
| Abnormal ECG | 159 (6.8) | 99 (6.3) | 60 (7.8) | 0.16 |
| Arrhythmias | 154 (6.6) | 122 (7.7) | 32 (4.2) | 0.001 |
| Syncope | 50 (2.0) | 30 (1.9) | 20 (2.6) | 0.29 |
| Peripheral edema | 6 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | 1.00 |
| Abnormal stress nuclear imaging | 16 (0.7) | 12 (0.8) | 4 (0.5) | 0.60 |
| Abnormal stress echocardiography | 29 (1.2) | 19 (1.2) | 10 (1.3) | 0.84 |
| Abnormal exercise stress test | 10 (0.4) | 8 (0.5) | 2 (0.3) | 0.51 |
| Other symptoms and/or reasons | 113 (4.8) | 67 (4.2) | 46 (6.0) | 0.06 |
| Stress CMR | ||||
| Scanner field strength | ||||
| 1.5-T | 1,535 (65.0) | 1,054 (67.0) | 481 (63.0) | 0.07 |
| 3.0-T | 814 (35.0) | 529 (33.0) | 285 (37.0) | |
| CMR manufacturers§ | ||||
| Siemens | 1,615 (69.0) | 996 (63.0) | 619 (81.0) | <0.001 |
| General Electric | 512 (22.0) | 427 (27.0) | 85 (11.0) | |
| Phillips | 221 (9.0) | 159 (10.0) | 62 (8.0) | |
| LVEF, % | 63 (54–70) | 65 (58–72) | 57 (46–66) | <0.001 |
| LVEDVI, ml/m2 | 64 (50–79) | 60 (48–73) | 71 (57–89) | <0.001 |
| LVESVI, ml/m2 | 22 (16–32) | 20 (15–28) | 28 (20–44) | <0.001 |
| Inducible ischemia | 405 (17.0) | 0 (0.0) | 405 (53.0) | <0.001 |
| MI | 571 (24.0) | 0 (0.0) | 572 (75.0) | <0.001 |
Values are median (IQR), mean ± SD, or n (%).
*
Full risk factor profile missing for 123 patients.
†
CAD Consortium score missing for 332 patients.
‡
History of PCI, MI, and CHF missing for 5, 17, and 4 patients, respectively.
§
Manufacturer information missing for 1 patient.
BMI = body mass index; CAD = coronary artery disease; CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; ECG = electrocardiogram; IQR = interquartile range; LGE = late gadolinium enhancement; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDVI = left ventricular end-diastolic volume index; LVESVI = left ventricular end-systolic volume index; MI = myocardial infarction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.