Table 3.

Diagnostic ratio calculated for the study area in two different periods, i.e., before and during lockdown

Sites	Flua/(Flua+Pyr)	Ant/(Ant+Phe)	IcP/(IcP + B(ghi)P)	BaA/(BaA + Chr)	BaP/B(ghi)P
Before lockdown	0.55	0.49	0.54	0.42	1.19
During lockdown	0.53	0.46	0.49	0.45	0.56
Scale	< 0.1 = Petrogenic/unburned petroleum	< 0.1 = Petrogenic	< 0.2 = Petrogenic	< 0.2 = Petrogenic	< 0.6 = Non traffic
	0.4–0.5 = Fossil fuel combustion	> 0.1 = Pyrogenic	0.2–0.5 = Petroleum combustion	0.2–0.35 = Petroleum combustion	> 0.6 = Traffic
	> 0.5 = Biomass and coal combustion		> 0.5 = Biomass and coal combustion	> 0.35 = Biomass and coal combustion
References	De La Torre-Roche et al. (2009), Yunker et al. (2002)	Pies et al. 2008	Ravindra et al. (2008)	Yunker et al. (2002), Tobiszewski and Namieśnik (2012)	Hussain et al. (2015)