Skip to main content
. 2021 Apr 26;12:626263. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626263

TABLE 2.

Descriptive statistics of the analytical sample (unweighted and weighted).

Mean (SE)/%
Unweighted; N = 19,673 Weighted; N = 19,384
Demographic backgrounds
Ages 18–29 6.03 9.53
Ages 30–59 57.0 47.0
Ages 60+ 37.0 43.4
Female vs. male 75.2 vs. 24.8 50.7 vs. 49.3
White ethnic vs. ethnic minority 96.4 vs. 3.60 92.2 vs. 7.79
Single and never married 15.6 16.7
Divorced or widowed 14.6 14.9
In a relationship/married but living apart 5.62 5.94
In a relationship/married and cohabiting 64.2 62.2
Living alone 21.8 21.9
Not living alone and without children 55.8 58.4
Not living alone and with children 22.4 19.7
Living in city/town vs. living in village/hamlet/isolated dwelling 75.6 vs. 24.4 77.1 vs. 22.9
Socio-economic position
Full-time employment/self-employed 45.6 41.3
Part-time employment 15.2 11.7
Economically inactive (incl. student/retired/homemakers/unable to work due to disability) 37.5 44.8
Unemployed and seeking work 1.76 2.14
GCSE/CSE/O-levels or equivalent or below 12.6 29.8
Post-16 vocational or A-levels qualifications or equivalent 16.8 32.5
Degree or above 70.6 37.8
Household income >£30,000 vs. household income <£30,000 60.7 vs. 39.3 51.6 vs. 48.4
Not living in overcrowded households vs. living in overcrowded households 91.8 vs. 8.17 89.8 vs. 10.2
Keyworkers vs. not non-keyworkers 21.1 vs. 79.0 18.7 vs. 81.3
House owners vs. not house owners 75.4 vs. 24.6 69.5 vs. 30.5
Psychosocial measures and health conditions
Social support (ranging from 6 to 30) 22.6 (0.05) 22.0 (0.08)
Social network (≥3 friends vs. <3 friends) 75.3 vs. 24.7 70.3 vs. 29.7
Loneliness (ranging from 4 to 12) 6.33 (0.02) 6.33 (0.03)
Diagnosed mental health condition vs. no condition 16.8 vs. 83.2 16.8 vs. 83.2
Diagnosed physical health condition or disability1 vs. no condition 41.1 vs. 58.9 45.3 vs. 54.7
Adverse events
COVID-19 diagnosis vs. no COVID-19 diagnosis 12.1 vs. 87.9 10.9 vs. 89.1
Physically/psychologically abused vs. not abused 4.72 vs. 95.3 4.71 vs. 95.3
Financial difficulties vs. no difficulties 10.3 vs. 89.7 10.9 vs. 89.1
Lost work vs. did not lose work 4.35 vs. 95.7 4.43 vs. 95.6
Difficulties accessing food vs. no difficulties 1.25 vs. 98.8 1.67 vs. 98.3
Difficulties accessing medication vs. no difficulties 1.56 vs. 98.4 1.83 vs. 98.2
Worries
Catching COVID-19 vs. not worried 42.7 vs. 57.4 41.8 vs. 58.3
Personal safety vs. not worried 9.47 vs. 90.5 9.72 vs. 90.3
Finances vs. not worried 25.5 vs. 74.5 26.6 vs. 73.4
Unemployment vs. not worried 12.6 vs. 87.4 12.2 vs. 87.8
Food access vs. not worried 7.67 vs. 92.3 7.59 vs. 92.4
Medication access vs. not worried 5.69 vs. 94.3 5.71 vs. 94.3
Coping styles
Problem-focused coping 0.09 (0.00) 0.01 (0.01)
Emotion-focused coping 0.11 (0.00) 0.01 (0.01)
Avoidant coping 0.00 (0.00) −0.01 (0.01)
Supportive coping 0.13 (0.00) −0.01 (0.01)
Arts activities
Digital arts and writing vs. did not do any digital arts or writing 32.7 vs. 67.3 28.9 vs. 71.1
Musical activities vs. did not do any musical activities 84.8 vs. 15.2 83.9 vs. 16.1
Crafts vs. did not engage do any crafts 49.5 vs. 50.5 42.0 vs. 58.0
Reading for pleasure vs. did not read for pleasure 75.9 vs. 24.1 67.4 vs. 32.6
Emotion Regulation Strategies for Artistic Creative Activities (ERS-ACA)2
Approach (ranging from 6 to 30) 19.0 (0.03) (N = 18,831) 18.9 (0.05) (N = 18,564)
Avoidance (ranging from 7 to 35) 24.1 (0.04) (N = 18,831) 23.6 (0.06) (N = 18,564)
Self-development (ranging from 5 to 25) 16.0 (0.03) (N = 18,831) 15.7 (0.05) (N = 18,564)

Data were weighted to the proportion of gender, age, ethnicity, education and country of living (i.e., England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland) obtained from the Office for National Statistics (2020).

1The prevalence of physical health conditions reported here is in line with a National Health Service report (2018): https://www.england.nhs.uk/blog/making-the-case-for-the-personalised-approach.

2A reduction in sample here is due to the condition of restricting the sample to those with complete responses to the set of ERS-ACA items for direct comparisons. This condition was not applied in regression analyses, where a score was generated for every respondent for which there was a response to one or more items. The summative score was averaged and then standardized.