TABLE 2.
Mean (SE)/% |
||
Unweighted; N = 19,673 | Weighted; N = 19,384 | |
Demographic backgrounds | ||
Ages 18–29 | 6.03 | 9.53 |
Ages 30–59 | 57.0 | 47.0 |
Ages 60+ | 37.0 | 43.4 |
Female vs. male | 75.2 vs. 24.8 | 50.7 vs. 49.3 |
White ethnic vs. ethnic minority | 96.4 vs. 3.60 | 92.2 vs. 7.79 |
Single and never married | 15.6 | 16.7 |
Divorced or widowed | 14.6 | 14.9 |
In a relationship/married but living apart | 5.62 | 5.94 |
In a relationship/married and cohabiting | 64.2 | 62.2 |
Living alone | 21.8 | 21.9 |
Not living alone and without children | 55.8 | 58.4 |
Not living alone and with children | 22.4 | 19.7 |
Living in city/town vs. living in village/hamlet/isolated dwelling | 75.6 vs. 24.4 | 77.1 vs. 22.9 |
Socio-economic position | ||
Full-time employment/self-employed | 45.6 | 41.3 |
Part-time employment | 15.2 | 11.7 |
Economically inactive (incl. student/retired/homemakers/unable to work due to disability) | 37.5 | 44.8 |
Unemployed and seeking work | 1.76 | 2.14 |
GCSE/CSE/O-levels or equivalent or below | 12.6 | 29.8 |
Post-16 vocational or A-levels qualifications or equivalent | 16.8 | 32.5 |
Degree or above | 70.6 | 37.8 |
Household income >£30,000 vs. household income <£30,000 | 60.7 vs. 39.3 | 51.6 vs. 48.4 |
Not living in overcrowded households vs. living in overcrowded households | 91.8 vs. 8.17 | 89.8 vs. 10.2 |
Keyworkers vs. not non-keyworkers | 21.1 vs. 79.0 | 18.7 vs. 81.3 |
House owners vs. not house owners | 75.4 vs. 24.6 | 69.5 vs. 30.5 |
Psychosocial measures and health conditions | ||
Social support (ranging from 6 to 30) | 22.6 (0.05) | 22.0 (0.08) |
Social network (≥3 friends vs. <3 friends) | 75.3 vs. 24.7 | 70.3 vs. 29.7 |
Loneliness (ranging from 4 to 12) | 6.33 (0.02) | 6.33 (0.03) |
Diagnosed mental health condition vs. no condition | 16.8 vs. 83.2 | 16.8 vs. 83.2 |
Diagnosed physical health condition or disability1 vs. no condition | 41.1 vs. 58.9 | 45.3 vs. 54.7 |
Adverse events | ||
COVID-19 diagnosis vs. no COVID-19 diagnosis | 12.1 vs. 87.9 | 10.9 vs. 89.1 |
Physically/psychologically abused vs. not abused | 4.72 vs. 95.3 | 4.71 vs. 95.3 |
Financial difficulties vs. no difficulties | 10.3 vs. 89.7 | 10.9 vs. 89.1 |
Lost work vs. did not lose work | 4.35 vs. 95.7 | 4.43 vs. 95.6 |
Difficulties accessing food vs. no difficulties | 1.25 vs. 98.8 | 1.67 vs. 98.3 |
Difficulties accessing medication vs. no difficulties | 1.56 vs. 98.4 | 1.83 vs. 98.2 |
Worries | ||
Catching COVID-19 vs. not worried | 42.7 vs. 57.4 | 41.8 vs. 58.3 |
Personal safety vs. not worried | 9.47 vs. 90.5 | 9.72 vs. 90.3 |
Finances vs. not worried | 25.5 vs. 74.5 | 26.6 vs. 73.4 |
Unemployment vs. not worried | 12.6 vs. 87.4 | 12.2 vs. 87.8 |
Food access vs. not worried | 7.67 vs. 92.3 | 7.59 vs. 92.4 |
Medication access vs. not worried | 5.69 vs. 94.3 | 5.71 vs. 94.3 |
Coping styles | ||
Problem-focused coping | 0.09 (0.00) | 0.01 (0.01) |
Emotion-focused coping | 0.11 (0.00) | 0.01 (0.01) |
Avoidant coping | 0.00 (0.00) | −0.01 (0.01) |
Supportive coping | 0.13 (0.00) | −0.01 (0.01) |
Arts activities | ||
Digital arts and writing vs. did not do any digital arts or writing | 32.7 vs. 67.3 | 28.9 vs. 71.1 |
Musical activities vs. did not do any musical activities | 84.8 vs. 15.2 | 83.9 vs. 16.1 |
Crafts vs. did not engage do any crafts | 49.5 vs. 50.5 | 42.0 vs. 58.0 |
Reading for pleasure vs. did not read for pleasure | 75.9 vs. 24.1 | 67.4 vs. 32.6 |
Emotion Regulation Strategies for Artistic Creative Activities (ERS-ACA)2 | ||
Approach (ranging from 6 to 30) | 19.0 (0.03) (N = 18,831) | 18.9 (0.05) (N = 18,564) |
Avoidance (ranging from 7 to 35) | 24.1 (0.04) (N = 18,831) | 23.6 (0.06) (N = 18,564) |
Self-development (ranging from 5 to 25) | 16.0 (0.03) (N = 18,831) | 15.7 (0.05) (N = 18,564) |
Data were weighted to the proportion of gender, age, ethnicity, education and country of living (i.e., England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland) obtained from the Office for National Statistics (2020).
1The prevalence of physical health conditions reported here is in line with a National Health Service report (2018): https://www.england.nhs.uk/blog/making-the-case-for-the-personalised-approach.
2A reduction in sample here is due to the condition of restricting the sample to those with complete responses to the set of ERS-ACA items for direct comparisons. This condition was not applied in regression analyses, where a score was generated for every respondent for which there was a response to one or more items. The summative score was averaged and then standardized.