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. 2021 Apr 26;12:587518. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.587518

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Copyright © 2021 Fröhlich and Wahl

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of interleukin (IL)-6 on cellular thyroid hormone levels. The inflammatory cytokine acts on hypothalamus and pituitary gland of the brain, on levels of free hormones, on transporters, and on cellular deiodinases. Indoxyl sulfate is a metabolite of tryptophan that accumulates in kidney damage. NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids; TBG, thyroxine binding globulin; TRH, thyrotropin releasing hormone; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; TTR, transthyretin.