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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 10.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Mar 16;75(14):1644–1656. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.02.009

TABLE 3.

Event Rates and Crude and Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Efficacy and Safety Outcomes by Time-Updated Mean Achieved Systolic Blood Pressure Quartile

Efficacy outcomes, n (%) SBP<120 mmHg 120≤SBP<129 mmHg 130≤SBP<139 mmHg SBP≥140 mmHg
Composite endpoint
 • Events/person-years 397/2564 474/3776 499/4013 532/3494
 • Event rate and 95% CI (per 100 person-years) 15.5 (14.0, 17.1) 12.6 (11.5, 13.7) 12.4 (11.4, 13.6) 15.2 (14.0, 16.6)
 • Crude model HR (95% CI) 1.25 (1.04, 1.42) Ref 0.99 (0.87, 1.12) 1.22 (1.07, 1.38)
 • Multivariable adjusted model 1 HR (95% CI) 1.10 (0.96, 1.27) Ref 1.05 (0.92, 1.19) 1.24 (1.10, 1.41)
 • Multivariable adjusted model 2 HR (95% CI) 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) Ref 1.07 (0.94, 1.22) 1.30 (1.14, 1.47)
Cardiovascular mortality
 • Events/person-years 89/2559 112/3780 117/4015 98/3505
 • Event rate and 95% CI (per 100 person-years) 3.5 (2.8, 4.3) 3.0 (2.5, 3.6) 2.9 (2.4, 3.5) 2.8 (2.3, 3.4)
 • Crude model HR (95% CI) 1.20 (0.91, 1.58) Ref 0.98 (0.76, 1.27) 0.95 (0.72, 1.24)
 • Multivariable adjusted model HR (95% CI) 1.15 (0.86, 1.53) Ref 1.01 (0.78, 1.31) 1.01 (0.77, 1.34)
 • Multivariable adjusted model 2 HR (95% CI) 1.12 (0.84, 1.50) Ref 1.03 (0.79, 1.34) 1.05 (0.79, 1.39)
Total HF hospitalizations
 • Events/person-years 312/2564 356/3776 385/4013 433/3494
 • Event rate and 95% CI (per 100 person-years) 12.2 (10.9, 13.6) 9.4 (8.5, 10.5) 9.6 (8.7, 10.6) 12.4 (11.3, 13.6)
 • Crude model HR (95% CI) 1.30 (1.12, 1.51) Ref 1.02 (0.88, 1.18) 1.32 (1.14, 1.51)
 • Multivariable adjusted model HR (95% CI) 1.13 (0.97, 1.32) Ref 1.09 (0.94, 1.26) 1.33 (1.15, 1.54)
 • Multivariable adjusted model 2 HR (95% CI) 1.09 (0.94, 1.28) Ref 1.11 (0.96, 1.29) 1.39 (1.20, 1.60)
Myocardial infarction or stroke
 • Events/person-years 78/2467 84/3647 116/3857 125/3318
 • Event rate and 95% CI (per 100 person-years) 3.2 (2.5, 3.9) 2.3 (1.9, 2.9) 3.0 (2.5, 3.6) 3.8 (3.2, 4.5)
 • Crude model HR (95% CI) 1.33 (0.98, 1.82) Ref 1.31 (0.98, 1.73) 1.62 (1.23, 2.14)
 • Multivariable adjusted model HR (95% CI) 1.21 (0.87, 1.66) Ref 1.39 (1.05, 1.85) 1.70 (1.28, 2.25)
 • Multivariable adjusted model 2 HR (95% CI) 1.21 (0.88, 1.69) Ref 1.39 (1.04, 1.84) 1.68 (1.26, 2.24)
All-cause mortality
 • Events/person-years 161/2559 179/3780 180/4015 170/3505
 • Event rate and 95% CI (per 100 person-years) 6.3 (5.4, 7.3) 4.7 (4.1, 5.5) 4.5 (3.9, 5.2) 4.9 (4.2, 5.6)
 • Crude model HR (95% CI) 1.38 (1.11, 1.71) Ref 0.94 (0.77, 1.16) 1.03 (0.84, 1.27)
 • Multivariable adjusted model HR (95% CI) 1.33 (1.07, 1.66) Ref 0.95 (0.77, 1.17) 1.07 (0.87, 1.33)
 • Multivariable adjusted model 2 HR (95% CI) 1.29 (1.04, 1.62) Ref 0.97 (0.79, 1.20) 1.11 (0.89, 1.38)
Renal composite outcome
 • Events/person-years 13/2543 17/3762 34/3979 33/3467
 • Event rate and 95% CI (per 100 person-years) 0.5 (0.3 0.9) 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) 1.0 (0.7, 1.3)
 • Crude model HR (95% CI) 1.19 (0.58, 2.46) Ref 1.89 (1.06, 3.38) 2.15 (1.20, 3.38)
 • Multivariable adjusted model HR (95% CI) 1.26 (0.60, 2.61) Ref 1.91 (1.06, 3.43) 1.95 (1.08, 3.54)
 • Multivariable adjusted model 2 HR (95% CI) 1.30 (0.62, 2.71) Ref 1.87 (1.04, 3.38) 1.87 (1.02, 3.43)
Drug discontinuation
 • Events/person-years 274/2261 318/3412 315/3584 327/3046
 • Event rate and 95% CI (per 100 person-years) 12.1 (10.8, 13.6) 9.3 (8.3, 10.4) 8.8 (7.9, 9.8) 10.7 (9.6, 12.0)
 • Crude model HR (95% CI) 1.29 (1.10, 1.52) Ref 0.94 (0.81, 1.10) 1.14 (0.98, 1.33)
 • Multivariable adjusted model HR (95% CI) 1.20 (1.02, 1.41) Ref 0.96 (0.82, 1.13) 1.09 (0.93, 1.28)
 • Multivariable adjusted model 2 HR (95% CI) 1.21 (1.02, 1.43) Ref 0.96 (0.82, 1.12) 1.08 (0.92, 1.27)

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; HF, heart failure.

Time-updated, mean achieved systolic blood pressure uses average SBP as a time-updated covariate, which is updated at each BP ascertainment to represent the average observed blood pressure up to that time point.

Model 1 covariates include region, atrial fibrillation, creatinine, diabetes mellitus, New York Heart Association class, heart rate, sex, age, race, current smoking, number of anti-hypertensive medications, and treatment group.

Model 2 includes model 1 covariates and additionally adjusts for diastolic blood pressure.