Table I.
Selected Baseline Characteristics of Angioedema Participants Assigned to Lisinopril vs Those Assigned to the Non‐Lisinopril Treatment Groups
| Participants With Angioedema* | Participants Without Angioedema† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assigned Treatment Group | ||||
| Baseline characteristics | Lisinopril | Non‐lisinopril‡ | Total | Total |
| Number | 37 | 16 | 53 | 42,365 |
| Angioedema cohort, % | 69.81 | 30.19 | 100.00 | — |
| ALLHAT cohort, % | 0.087 | 0.038 | 0.12 | 99.88 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 66.6 (8.35) | 65.1 (6.81) | 66.2 (7.88) | 66.9 (7.72) |
| Age group, n (%), y | ||||
| 55–65 | 19 (51.35) | 9 (56.25) | 28 (52.83) | 20,099 (47.44) |
| 66–75 | 11 (29.73) | 7 (43.75) | 18 (33.96) | 16,182 (38.20) |
| Women, n (%) | 13 (35.14) | 8 (50.00) | 21 (39.62) | 19,820 (46.78) |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| Black | 23 (62.16) | 6 (37.50) | 29 (54.72) | 15,055 (35.54) |
| Nonblack | 14 (37.84) | 10 (62.50) | 24 (45.28) | 27,309 (64.46) |
| On blood pressure treatment ≥2 mo | 31 (83.78) | 14 (87.50) | 45 (84.91) | 36,791 (86.84) |
| On blood pressure treatment <2 mo | 3 (8.11) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (5.66) | 1425 (3.36) |
| Untreated at baseline | 3 (8.11) | 2 (12.50) | 5 (9.43) | 4148 (9.79) |
| Current smoker | 14 (37.84) | 5 (31.25) | 19 (35.85) | 9250 (21.84) |
| History of diabetes | 4 (10.81) | 2 (12.50) | 6 (11.32) | 15,277 (36.06) |
| History of CHD | 10 (27.03) | 6 (37.50) | 16 (30.19) | 10,750 (25.37) |
| Aspirin use§ | 14 (37.84) | 5 (31.25) | 19 (35.85) | 15,204 (35.89) |
| Estrogen use (women) | 9 (69.23) | 1 (12.5) | 10 (47.62) | 3491 (17.59) |
| Visit 1 blood pressure, mean (SD) Treated ≥2 mo | ||||
| SBP, mm Hg | 139.3 (15.71) | 142.0 (10.65) | 140.2 (14.26) | 142.7 (12.96) |
| DBP, mm Hg | 82.1 (8.10) | 84.9 (5.32) | 82.9 (7.41) | 82.3 (9.52) |
| Treated <2 mo | ||||
| SBP, mm Hg | 167.3 (7.09) | — | 167.3 (7.09) | 158.1 (13.32) |
| DBP, mm Hg | 92.7 (11.24) | — | 92.7 (11.24) | 89.4 (9.76) |
| BMI, mean (SD) (kg/m2) | 29.4 (7.61) | 29.5 (6.66) | 29.4 (7.27) | 29.7 (6.15) |
| Serum potassium, mean (SD) (mEq/dL)§ | 4.1 (0.50) | 4.1 (0.44) | 4.1 (0.47) | 4.3 (0.51) |
| Fasting glucose, mean (SD) (mg/dL) | 106.7 (28.72) | 121.0 (60.90) | 111.2 (41.41) | 123.0 (57.06) |
| Creatinine, mean (SD) (mg/dL)§ | 1.08 (0.33) | 0.92 (0.13) | 1.03 (0.29) | 1.02 (0.30) |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD) (mg/dL)§ | 204.4 (33.27) | 220.7 (36.50) | 209.4 (34.74) | 215.9(43.2) |
| For each characteristic, 2‐proportion or 2‐sample mean difference tests were performed comparing each of the 3 nondiuretic groups with chlorthalidone, respectively. ALLHAT indicates Antihypertensive and Lipid‐Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial; CHD, coronary heart disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; and BMI, body mass index. *Two participants with angioedema reported open‐label (nonassigned study drug) angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor use: one was assigned to step 1 chlorthalidone and one to step 1 lisinopril. †Comparisons between treatment groups of baseline characteristics among those without angioedema showed no significant differences. ‡Non‐lisinopril treatment groups included chlorthalidone, amlodipine, and doxazosin. §Aspirin use was available for 52 participants; serum potassium, creatinine, and total cholesterol were available for 50 participants; and fasting glucose was available for 41 participants; there were no statistically significant differences (type 1 error probability of .05) between lisinopril and non‐lisinopril groups. | ||||