Table II.

Comparison of Blood Pressure (mm Hg) According to Dipper and Riser Status in Patients With Essential Hypertension 16

	Dipper/Moderate Riser (n=3 57)	Dipper/Extreme Riser (n=595)	Nondipper (n=25 5)
24‐H mean	145/92	147/92	151/93*
Wake mean	153/99	156/99**	152/94†
Sleep mean	130/80	128/77	147/90*
Nighttime low	124/74	118/69**	136/81*,†
Early morning mean	144/94	157/100**	155/97*
Morning surge	20/21	40/31**	19/16†
Wake variability	10.6/8.2	11.6/8.7**	11.6/9.1*
Sleep variability	8.7/7.6	9.9/8.3**	10.1/8.1*
Dipper=sleep mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90% of wake mean SBP and sleep mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <90% of wake mean DBP; moderate riser=morning surge (SBP) <28 mm Hg (median); extreme riser=morning surge (SBP) ≥28 mm Hg (median); nondipper=sleep mean SBP ≥90% of wake mean SBP and sleep mean DBP ≥90% of wake mean DBP; *p<0.0001 in test regarding SBP between nondipper and dipper/moderate riser; **p<0.0001 in test regarding SBP between dipper/extreme riser and dipper/moderate riser; † p<0.0001 in test regarding SBP between nondipper and dipper/extreme riser. Data derived from J Hypertens. 2006;24(suppl 4):S301.16