Table 1. Seroprevalence of DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV infection.
| WHO Region | Nations or Areas | DENV | WHO Region | Nations or Areas | CHIKV | WHO Region | Nations or Areas | ZIKV | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reports | Cases | Samples | Seroprevalence | Reports | Cases | Samples | Seroprevalence | Reports | Cases | Samples | Seroprevalence | ||||||
| (n) | (n) | (n) | (%, 95% CI) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (%, 95% CI) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (%, 95% CI) | ||||||
| African | 10 | 1308 | 11955 | 13(9–17) | African | 15 | 3463 | 13359 | 33(24–41) | African | 5 | 317 | 7161 | 4(2–7) | |||
| Cameroon | 1 | 32 | 256 | 13(8–17) | Benin | 1 | 133 | 352 | 38(33–43) | Nigeria | 1 | 48 | 468 | 10(8–13) | |||
| Congo | 1 | 37 | 978 | 4(3–5) | Cameroon | 2 | 214 | 361 | 68(25–100) | Madagascar | 1 | 6 | 1216 | 0(0–1) | |||
| Gabon | 1 | 20 | 162 | 12(7–17) | Comoros | 1 | 209 | 331 | 63(58–68) | Rwanda | 1 | 12 | 874 | 1(1–2) | |||
| Kenya | 3 | 515 | 3732 | 14(13–15) | Gabon | 1 | 1 | 162 | 1(0–2) | Congo | 1 | 34 | 978 | 3(2–5) | |||
| Madagascar | 1 | 97 | 1244 | 8(6–9) | Kenya | 4 | 1094 | 4186 | 34(10–58) | Zambia | 1 | 217 | 3625 | 6(5–7) | |||
| Mali | 1 | 196 | 805 | 24(21–27) | Madagascar | 1 | 154 | 1244 | 12(11–14) | Eastern Mediterranean | 1 | 52 | 410 | 13(9–16) | |||
| Zambia | 1 | 149 | 3624 | 4(3–5) | Mali | 1 | 50 | 805 | 6(5–8) | Saudi Arabia | 1 | 52 | 410 | 13(9–16) | |||
| Mayotte | 1 | 262 | 1154 | 23(20–25) | Senegal | 1 | 39 | 1434 | 3(2–4) | the Americas | 5 | 2902 | 8962 | 34(24–45) | |||
| Eastern* Mediterranean | 15 | 5095 | 17912 | 27(21–34) | Mayotte | 1 | 440 | 1154 | 38(35–41) | America** | 1 | 114 | 367 | 31(26–36) | |||
| Sudan | 4 | 587 | 2583 | 22(5–40) | La Réunion Island | 2 | 1129 | 3330 | 29(8–50) | Bolivia | 1 | 213 | 814 | 26(23–29) | |||
| Djibouti | 1 | 199 | 911 | 22(19–25) | Eastern Mediterranean | 3 | 108 | 3305 | 2(0–5) | Nicaragua | 2 | 1947 | 4814 | 46(26–66) | |||
| Jordan | 1 | 219 | 892 | 25(22–27) | Djibouti | 1 | 24 | 914 | 3(2–4) | French Guiana | 1 | 628 | 2697 | 23(22–25) | |||
| Kuwait | 1 | 70 | 499 | 14(11–17) | Iraq | 1 | 2 | 399 | 1(0–1) | Western Pacific | 3 | 336 | 2131 | 18(4–31) | |||
| Pakistan | 2 | 169 | 640 | 26(23–30) | Qatar | 1 | 82 | 1992 | 4(3–5) | Laos | 2 | 254 | 1046 | 23(12–33) | |||
| Qatar | 1 | 473 | 1992 | 24(22–26) | European | 3 | 44 | 1833 | 3(1–5) | Malaysia | 1 | 82 | 1085 | 8(6–9) | |||
| Saudi Arabia | 5 | 3378 | 10395 | 37(27–46) | Croatia | 1 | 9 | 1008 | 1(0–1) | Overall | 14 | 3607 | 18394 | 18(12–25) | |||
| European | 3 | 56 | 2100 | 4(0–7) | Italy | 1 | 33 | 325 | 10(7–13) | Inapparent proportion | 3 | 541 | 790 | 50(18–82) | |||
| Croatia | 1 | 7 | 1180 | 1(0–1) | Turkey | 1 | 2 | 500 | 0(0–1) | ||||||||
| France | 1 | 17 | 562 | 3(2–4) | South-East Asia | 6 | 1291 | 4924 | 42(17–67) | ||||||||
| Portugal(Madeira) | 1 | 32 | 358 | 9(6–12) | India | 3 | 763 | 3571 | 38(0–77) | ||||||||
| South-East Asia | 17 | 15329 | 29882 | 56(39–73) | Indonesia | 1 | 77 | 199 | 39(32–45) | ||||||||
| Bangladesh | 1 | 900 | 1125 | 80(78–82) | Thailand | 2 | 451 | 1154 | 49(6–92) | ||||||||
| India | 9 | 9528 | 21510 | 46(22–69) | the Americas | 14 | 6341 | 23394 | 24(15–34) | ||||||||
| Indonesia | 1 | 2216 | 3194 | 69(68–71) | America** | 3 | 418 | 1907 | 19(0–39) | ||||||||
| Sri Lanka | 3 | 1671 | 2799 | 51(33–70) | Bolivia | 1 | 102 | 449 | 23(19–27) | ||||||||
| Thailand | 3 | 1014 | 1254 | 79(68–90) | Brazil | 3 | 449 | 1393 | 24(0–61) | ||||||||
| the Americas | 33 | 15917 | 26944 | 53(39–67) | Haiti | 1 | 2570 | 4438 | 58(56–59) | ||||||||
| America** | 5 | 296 | 840 | 36(0–77) | Mexico | 1 | 114 | 387 | 29(25–34) | ||||||||
| Bolivia | 1 | 223 | 449 | 50(45–54) | Nicaragua | 2 | 316 | 4210 | 10(3–16) | ||||||||
| Brazil | 10 | 5228 | 9443 | 40(16–64) | French Caribbean | 3 | 2372 | 10610 | 28(8–48) | ||||||||
| Colombia | 2 | 3208 | 5472 | 57(50–64) | Western Pacific | 3 | 200 | 4784 | 7(2–12) | ||||||||
| Costa Rica | 2 | 41 | 206 | 20(0–53) | Malaysia | 1 | 56 | 945 | 6(4–7) | ||||||||
| Dominican | 2 | 1100 | 1209 | 77(36–0) | Singapore | 1 | 71 | 3293 | 2(2–3) | ||||||||
| Haiti | 1 | 108 | 166 | 65(58–72) | Vietnam | 1 | 73 | 546 | 13(11–16) | ||||||||
| Mexico | 5 | 2804 | 5645 | 62(43–80) | Overall | 44 | 11447 | 51599 | 25(22–29) | ||||||||
| Trinidad | 1 | 118 | 125 | 94(90–98) | Inapparent proportion | 16 | 1523 | 4025 | 40(24–56) | ||||||||
| Venezuela | 1 | 1550 | 2002 | 77(76–79) | |||||||||||||
| Suriname | 1 | 325 | 400 | 81(77–85) | |||||||||||||
| French Caribbean | 1 | 732 | 783 | 93(92–95) | |||||||||||||
| Sint Eustatius | 1 | 184 | 204 | 90(86–94) | |||||||||||||
| Western Pacific | 21 | 8964 | 33960 | 27(19–35) | |||||||||||||
| Cambodia | 1 | 424 | 837 | 51(47–54) | |||||||||||||
| China*** | 4 | 528 | 9472 | 7(2–12) | |||||||||||||
| Hong Kong | 2 | 108 | 2785 | 3(0–6) | |||||||||||||
| Malaysia | 3 | 459 | 4218 | 33(6–61) | |||||||||||||
| Singapore | 6 | 6427 | 11718 | 45(38–52) | |||||||||||||
| Solomon | 1 | 202 | 515 | 39(35–43) | |||||||||||||
| Taiwan | 2 | 377 | 2479 | 15(10–20) | |||||||||||||
| Vietnam | 2 | 439 | 1936 | 25(17–33) | |||||||||||||
| Travellers | 3 | 158 | 1260 | 11(3–19) | |||||||||||||
| Overall | 102 | 46827 | 124013 | 38 (32–43) | |||||||||||||
| Inapparent# proportion | 24 | 9755 | 13586 | 80(72–88) | |||||||||||||
The region refers to *Eastern Mediterranean Region, ** Southern United States, including Texas, Puerto Rico, Florida, Virgin Islands, and *** Guang Dong province, Southern China. #proportion of inapparent/total infections.