Table 1.

Implementation research thematic areas, research topics, and study sites

Thematic area	Research topic	Study sites (district(s)/ province)
Community and demand	1. Involvement of community health workers to improve immunisation coverage in hard-to-reach areas of Sukkhur district	Sukkur/ Sindh
	2. Addressing community barriers to immunisation in Rajanpur district	Rajanpur/Punjab
	3. Addressing EPI vaccination demand through mHealth in Quetta City, Balochistan: A feasibility study	Quetta/Balochistan
	4. Social mobilisation campaign to tackle immunisation hesitancy in Sargodha and Khushab districts in Pakistan	Sarghoda and Khushab/Punjab
Immunisation supply chain and performance management systems	5. Visibility and Analytics Network (VAN) approach to improve immunisation supply chain and management performance system in Pakistan	Ghotki and Sukkur/Sindh
	6. E-Vaccs: Qualitative assessment of the barriers and enablers in implementation using Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research	Lahore, DG Khan, Gujrat, Rawalpindi/Punjab
Human resources and service delivery	7. Exploring opportunities for strengthening supportive supervision: A case study of EPI services in Sindh	Hyderabad and Thatta/Sindh
	8. Understanding accountability for human resources in EPI, Balochistan: Perspective from the government officials at the provincial and district levels	Pishin, Harnai, Jhal Magsi, Killa Abdullah, Killa Saifullah/Balochistan
Building on the polio experience	9. Examining the mechanisms and effectiveness of multi-tiered, EPI-polio synergy	Four provinces (Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh)
	10. Developing three-dimensional narrative to counter polio vaccine refusal in Charsadda	Charsadda/ Khyber Pakhtunkhwa