Table I.

Included Studies and Patient Characteristics

Trial	Year	Level of Albuminuria	Type of Diabetes	HTN at Baseline	Reported ESRD Cases	Intervention	Follow‐Up, mo	N	T+	T−
ACE Inhibitor‐Based Treatment Compared With Therapy Without an ACE Inhibitor
Parving et al 26	1989	Macro‐	1	‐	Yes	Captopril 25–100 mg/d	12	32	15	17
Bauer et al 27	1992	Macro‐	Mixed	Yes	‐	Enalapril 5–40 mg/d	18	33	18	15
Chase et al 28	1993	Micro‐	1	‐	‐	Captopril 100 mg/d	24	15	9	6
Lewis et al 29	1993	Micro‐	1	Yes	Yes	Captopril 75 mg/d	36	409	207	202
Phillips et al 30	1993	Mixed	1	Yes	‐	Cilazapril 2.5–5 mg/d	24	25	14	11
Ravid et al 31	1993	Micro‐	2	‐	‐	Enalapril 10 mg/d	60	94	49	45
Bakris et al 32	1994	Micro‐	1	‐	‐	Lisinopril 78 mg/d	18	15	8	7
Capek et al 33	1994	Micro‐	2	Yes	‐	Captopril 37.5 mg/d	12	15	9	6
Sano et al 34	1994	Micro‐	2	Yes	‐	Enalapril 5 mg/d	48	62	31	31
Laffel et al 35	1995	Micro‐	1	‐	‐	Captopril 100 mg/d	24	143	70	73
Maschio et al 36	1996	Macro‐	2	Yes	‐	Benazepril 10 mg/d	36	21	6	15
Crepaldi et al 37	1998	Micro‐	1	‐	‐	Lisinopril 10–20 mg/d	36	66	32	34
Garg et al 38	1998	Micro‐	1	‐	‐	Ramipril 5 mg/d	12	11	7	4
Nankervis et al 39	1998	Micro‐	Mixed	Yes	‐	Perindopril 4 mg/d	36	31	17	14
Cordonnier et al 40	1999	Macro‐	2	Yes	‐	Perindopril 4 mg/d	24	19	9	10
Mathiesen et al 41	1999	Macro‐	1	‐	‐	Captopril 100 mg/d	48	40	19	21
Micro‐HOPE 42	2000	Micro‐	Mixed	Yes	Yes	Ramipril 10 mg/d	54	1140	553	587
Bojestig et al 43	2001	Micro‐	1	‐	‐	Ramipril 1.25–5 mg/d	24	55	37	18
Katayama et al 44	2002	Micro‐	1	Yes	‐	Captopril 37.5 mg/d, imidapril 5 mg/d	18	131	104	27
DIABHYCAR 45	2004	Mixed	2	‐	Yes	Ramipril 1.25 mg/d	48	4912	2443	2469
ARB‐Based Treatment Compared With Therapy Without an ARB
Brenner et al 22	2001	Macro‐	2	Yes	Yes	Losartan 50–100 mg/d	40.8	1513	751	762
Lewis et al 23	2001	Macro‐	2	Yes	Yes	Irbesartan 75–300 mg/d	30	1148	579	569
Parving et al 46	2001	Micro‐	2	Yes	‐	Irbesartan 150–300 mg/d	24	590	389	201
Muirhead et al 47	1999	Micro‐	2	Yes	‐	Valsartan 80–160 mg/d	13	90	54	24
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ESRD, end‐stage renal disease; HTN, hypertension; N, number of patients participating in each trial; T+, number of patients receiving active treatment; T−, number of patients receiving placebo or no treatment.