Table III.
The Cost to Prevent 1 Patient From Developing End‐Stage Renal Disease and the Net Cost Savings per Patient (Discounted at 3%, in US $)
| NNT | P Value for Overall Effect a | Mean Treatment Cost, $ | Cost to Prevent 1 ESRD, $ | Net Cost Savings per Patient,b$ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | |||
| Greece | ||||||||
| ACE inhibitors | 333 | (69‐NAc) | .13 | 567.58 | 189,190 | (39,412‐NAc) | 19.50 | (2251‐NAc) |
| ARBs | 21 | (13–57) | .0018 | 1503.74 | 31,729 | (19,443–85,442) | 7770.76 | (1940–13,631) |
| ACE inhibitors or ARBs | 65 | (32‐NAc) | .068 | 789.24 | 51,585 | (24,900‐NAc) | 2204.82 | (5413, NAc) |
| United States | ||||||||
| ACE inhibitors | 333 | 69‐NAc) | .13 | 1379.60 | 459,860 | (95,799‐NAc) | −583.46 | (2442‐NAc) |
| ARBs | 21 | (13–57) | .0018 | 1999.87 | 42,197 | (25,858–113,633) | 10,577.10 | (2671–18,524) |
| ACE inhibitors or ARBs | 65 | (32‐NAc) | .068 | 1526.46 | 99,770 | (48,160‐NAc) | 2533.73 | (6885‐NAc) |
| Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; CI, confidence interval; ESRD, end‐stage renal disease; NA, not applicable; NNT, number needed to treat. a P value for overall effect <.05 indicates statistical significance. P value for heterogeneity more than .05 was just for the trials comparing ARBs vs placebo or no treatment indicating homogeneity across combined studies. bNet cost savings per patient receiving ACE inhibitors for a mean duration of 4 years, receiving ARBs for a mean duration of 3 years, ACE inhibitors or ARBs for a mean duration of 3.7 years. cThe upper 95% confidence limit cannot be estimated because the lower 95% limit of the risk difference includes zero. | ||||||||