Fig. 1. Schematic of a typical EWOD setup. A liquid droplet exhibits an apparent contact angle equal to the initial angle, θ0, at zero voltage that is reduced when voltage is applied. Inset: Schematic of electrowetting on a soft dielectric layer and the formation of the wetting ridge near the TPL (not to scale). The size of the ridge is in the order of ∼γ/E, where E is the elastic modulus of the dielectric layer.34.
