Table 3.
Plant extracts with anti-CoV potential [10].
| S.no. | Plant extracts | Virus system | Concentration | Targets | IC50/EC50 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
Anthemis hyalina, Nigella sativa, and Citrus sinensis extracts |
Coronavirus-infected HeLa-epithelial carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1a cells inoculated with MHV-A59 (mouse hepatitis virus–A59) | 1/50 and 1/100 dilution of ethanolic extract (100 g/200 mL) |
Increased IL-8 level. Significantly changed the expression of TRPA1, TRPC4, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM8, and TRPV4 genes. |
Not defined |
| 2. | Herbal extracts (Gentiana scabra, Dioscorea batatas, Cassia tora, Taxillus chinensis, Cibotium barometz) |
SARS-CoV | 25–200 μg/mL | 3CL protease inhibition. | 39 μg/mL and 44 μg/mL (two extracts of Cibotium barometz) |
| 3. | Houttuynia cordata aq. Extract | SARS-CoV | 0–400 μg/mL | 3CL protease and viral Polymerase inhibition. | Not defined |
| 4. | Extract (Rheum officinale Baill., Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.) |
SARS-CoV S spike protein | 0–100 μg/mL | Inhibits the interaction of SARS-CoV S protein and ACE2. |
1–10 μg/mL |
| 5. | Isatis indigotica | SARS-CoV | 1–500 μg/mL | 3CL protease inhibition. | Not defined |
| 6. | Lindera aggregata | SARS-CoV | 10−1–10−4 mg/mL | Unknown | 88.2 ± 7.7 μg/mL |
| 7. | Pyrrosia lingua | SARS-CoV | 10−1–10−4 mg/mL | Unknown | 43.2 ± 14.1 μg/mL |
| 8. | Artemisia annua | SARS-CoV | 10−1–10−4 mg/mL | Unknown | 34.5 ± 2.6 μg/mL |
| 9. | Lycoris radiata | SARS-CoV | 10−1–10−4 mg/mL | Unknown | 2.4 ± 0.2 μg/mL |