Table 1.
Participant descriptive statistics between groups at baseline.
| MM-HIIT group | R-HIIT group | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants (n) | 9 | 7 | |
| Age (years) | 23.78 ± 6.40 | 22.00 ± 2.83 | 0.507 |
| Height (cm) | 167.31 ± 6.65 | 156.54 ± 4.87 | ∗0.003 |
| Body mass (kg) | 64.60 ± 9.83 | 60.39 ± 5.77 | 0.333 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.02 ± 2.69 | 24.68 ± 2.38 | 0.220 |
| WC (cm) | 85.06 ± 5.81 | 83.70 ± 6.25 | 0.660 |
| Resting heart rate (bpm) | 68.56 ± 4.95 | 74.71 ± 8.75 | 0.096 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) | 109.78 ± 4.33 | 113.14 ± 9.07 | 0.342 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) | 70.61 ± 6.01 | 75.00 ± 5.98 | 0.169 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 96.67 ± 60.83 | 83.86 ± 19.62 | 0.603 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 91.89 ± 7.72 | 95.14 ± 7.38 | 0.408 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 150.78 ± 20.14 | 189.71 ± 20.45 | ∗0.002 |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 57.11 ± 11.17 | 60.86 ± 5.18 | 0.428 |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 74.67 ± 15.85 | 111.71 ± 16.59 | ∗0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 23.11 ± 8.21 | 31.14 ± 16.28 | 0.217 |
| AST (U/L) | 24.11 ± 5.88 | 29.29 ± 9.93 | 0.213 |
| Weekly leisure physical activity score | 32.67 ± 17.85 | 23.00 ± 14.24 | 0.262 |
| Exercise self-efficacy | 63.09 ± 17.88 | 65.95 ± 23.42 | 0.785 |
| Perceived wellness | 14.70 ± 2.89 | 14.75 ± 2.40 | 0.968 |
| Exercise intensity tolerance | 28.22 ± 3.73 | 23.14 ± 5.40 | 0.059 |
| Exercise intensity preference | 27.00 ± 5.10 | 29.00 ± 5.23 | 0.454 |
All results are presented as means and standard deviations except for number of participants which is presented as n. ∗Significant differences at the P < 0.05 level. WC = waist circumference; HDL-c = high-density lipoprotein; LDL-c = low-density lipoprotein; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; MM-HIIT = multimodal high-intensity interval training; R-HIIT = rowing high-intensity interval training.