Table 2.
Summary of changes in cardiometabolic variables over time between R-HIIT (n = 7) and MM-HIIT (n = 9) groups from ANCOVA.
| Outcome and group | Baseline (unadjusted means) | Postintervention (unadjusted means) | Postintervention (adjusted means) | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI) | Effect size (partial eta squared) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resting heart rate (bpm) | ||||||
| R-HIIT | 74.71 ± 8.75 | 74.14 ± 5.84 | 70.60 ± 8.09 | −2.17 (−12.45 to 8.11) | 0.019 | 0.651 |
| MM-HIIT | 68.56 ± 4.95 | 67.22 ± 6.63 | 68.43 ± 7.72 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) | ||||||
| R-HIIT | 113.14 ± 9.07 | 112.90 ± 6.34 | 114.00 ± 4.75 | −3.26 (−9.24 to 2.72) | 0.116 | 0.255 |
| MM-HIIT | 109.78 ± 4.33 | 111.59 ± 5.19 | 110.74 ± 4.54 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) | ||||||
| R-HIIT | 75.00 ± 5.98 | 74.10 ± 5.44 | 73.72 ± 4.43 | −3.273 (−8.93 to 2.38) | 0.129 | 0.229 |
| MM-HIIT | 70.61 ± 6.01 | 70.15 ± 5.30 | 70.44 ± 4.22 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | ||||||
| R-HIIT | 83.86 ± 19.62 | 82.43 ± 45.90 | 78.92 ± 46.01 | 30.70 (−27.69 to 89.09) | 0.109 | 0.272 |
| MM-HIIT | 96.67 ± 60.83 | 106.89 ± 62.93 | 109.62 ± 43.92 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | ||||||
| R-HIIT | 95.14 ± 7.38 | 96.71 ± 8.18 | 94.04 ± 5.88 | 2.05 (−5.33 to 9.42) | 0.033 | 0.553 |
| MM-HIIT | 91.89 ± 7.72 | 94.00 ± 7.00 | 96.08 ± 5.64 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||||
| R-HIIT | 189.71 ± 20.45 | 182.29 ± 19.54 | 168.96 ± 20.72 | −12.04 (−38.92 to 14.84) | 0.080 | 0.346 |
| MM-HIIT | 150.78 ± 20.14 | 146.56 ± 16.37 | 156.92 ± 19.60 | |||
|
| ||||||
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | ||||||
| R-HIIT | 60.86 ± 5.18 | 56.57 ± 7.70 | 55.76 ± 7.13 | −0.14 (−9.16 to 8.89) | 0.000 | 0.974 |
| MM-HIIT | 57.11 ± 11.17 | 55.00 ± 13.24 | 55.63 ± 6.82 | |||
|
| ||||||
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | ||||||
| R-HIIT | 111.71 ± 16.59 | 109.00 ± 12.57 | 96.80 ± 17.72 | −17.31 (−40.79 to 6.16) | 0.193 | 0.133 |
| MM-HIIT | 74.67 ± 15.85 | 70.00 ± 16.24 | 79.49 ± 16.60 | |||
|
| ||||||
| ALT (U/L) | ||||||
| R-HIIT | 31.14 ± 16.28 | 16.43 ± 6.32 | 11.16 ± 7.63 | 13.16 (3.40 to 22.92) | 0.444 | ∗0.013 |
| MM-HIIT | 23.11 ± 8.21 | 20.22 ± 7.84 | 24.32 ± 7.26 | |||
|
| ||||||
| AST (U/L) | ||||||
| R-HIIT | 29.29 ± 9.93 | 22.29 ± 2.75 | 17.62 ± 7.05 | 10.79 (1.67 to 19.90) | 0.381 | ∗0.024 |
| MM-HIIT | 24.11 ± 5.88 | 24.78 ± 7.45 | 28.41 ± 6.68 | |||
Plus-minus values are means ± SD with postintervention means being adjusted for covariates of baseline values, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio, and data in parentheses are 95% CI. Mean difference is based on rowing group minus multimodal group after the intervention. HDL-c = high-density lipoprotein; LDL-c = low-density lipoprotein; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; MM-HIIT = multimodal high-intensity interval training; R-HIIT = rowing high-intensity interval training.