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. 2021 May 11;17(2):1069–1090. doi: 10.1007/s11482-021-09948-0

Table 2.

Change in Health, Learning, Income, Employment Hours, and Time Spent on Classwork from Before to Since the COVID-19 Pandemic

Variable Frequency N (%) P value
Before COVID-19 Since COVID-19
Self-reported Health
Very Good 1001 (38.4%) 762 (29.3%) <.0001
Good 1280 (49.1%) 1108 (42.6%)
Fair 295 (11.3%) 569 (21.9%)
Poor 25 (1.0%) 134 (5.2%)
Very Poor 5 (0.2%) 29 (1.1%)
Self-reported Learning
Very Good 1175 (49.0%) 171 (7.1%) <.0001
Good 1063 (44.3%) 490 (20.5%)
Fair 144 (6.0%) 850 (35.5%)
Poor 14 (0.6%) 584 (24.4%)
Very Poor 3 (0.1%) 301 (12.6%)
Variable Mean ± SD P value
Before COVID-19 Since COVID-19
Monthly Income (dollars) 1035.41 ± 1095.71 911.27 ± 1176.1 <.0001
Time Spent on Classwork (Hrs/Week) 21.07 ± 15.56 21.91 ± 17.23 <.0001
Employment Hours (Hrs/Week) 22.61 ± 13.46 20.22 ± 14.80 <.0001

McNemars test was run for categorical variables; health and learning. Student’s t test was run for continuous variables; income, time spent on classwork, and employment hours.