Table 3.
Circulating mitokines levels in T2D patients in relation to the different T2D-related complications. CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; PAD, peripheral artery disease; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events. Variables are expressed as mean (standard error). P value derived from post-hoc tests with Bonferroni corrections after analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Age, gender, and glucose-lowering treatment are considered as covariates
| Complication | N (%) | GDF15 pg/mL (± SE) | FGF21 pg/mL (± SE) | HN pg/mL (± SE) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absent | Present | p | Absent | Present | p | Absent | Present | p | ||
| Neuropathy | 54 (21.2) | 1877.3 (88.6) | 2608.0 (197.4) | 0.001 | 362.1 (19.4) | 376.1 (43.3) | 0.767 | 1079.7 (35.3) | 1088.4 (78.6) | 0.920 |
| CKD | 24 (9.4) | 1931.1 (81.6) | 2848.1 (257.1) | 0.001 | 349.5 (17.5) | 521.7 (55.2) | 0.003 | 1065.3 (32.5) | 1161.9 (102.4) | 0.370 |
| Retinopathy | 74 (29.0) | 1841.3 (92.2) | 2446.2 (145.5) | 0.001 | 351.9 (20.2) | 387.9 (31.8) | 0.342 | 1119.3 (36.4) | 951.3 (57.4) | 0.014 |
| PAD | 10 (3.9) | 2023.0 (81.2) | 1961.9 (410.1) | 0.884 | 365.1 (17.3) | 362.2 (87.2) | 0.973 | 1071.5 (31.6) | 1126.6 (159.6) | 0.735 |
| CAD | 25 (9.8) | 1965.5 (82.8) | 2675.8 (268.7) | 0.012 | 350.4 (17.3) | 562.3 (56.2) | < 0.001 | 1071.3 (32.7) | 1109.6 (106.0) | 0.730 |
| MACE | 29 (11.4) | 1976.4 (83.6) | 2609.2 (260.8) | 0.022 | 359.6 (18.1) | 424.0 (56.4) | 0.278 | 1074.1 (33.0) | 1078.4 (103.0) | 0.968 |
| At least one complication | 101 (39.6) | 1810.2 (101.0) | 2357.1 (125.5) | 0.001 | 356.2 (22.0) | 383.8 (27.3) | 0.434 | 1124.5 (39.9) | 995.4 (49.6) | 0.044 |
The significance level of p value is < 0.05 and written in italic