Fig. 2. Functional validation of LDHA knockdown constructs.

a Activation of shLDHA constructs suppressed LDH activity as measured kinetically using hyperpolarised magnetic resonance spectroscopy for ¹³C-labelled pyruvate and its labelled by-product lactate in Hth83-shLDHA clone 4. b Mass spectrometry-based analysis of intracellular pool of pyruvate and lactate in Hth83-shLDHA clone 4 using ¹³C-labelled pyruvate as tracer. c Ion chromatography high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry analysis of intracellular tricarboxylic acid and glycolysis pathways metabolites to determine these pathways’ incorporation of ¹³C₃-pyruvate. All experiments were performed at least in triplicate, and every condition was tested at least in triplicate. Error bars represent standard deviation. *P < 0.05 compared with control condition.