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. 2021 May 10;12:2579. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22338-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Manhattan (MH) plots illustrated have been created based on summary statistics of GWAs on liver enzymes where the x-axis demonstrates chromosome number and the y-axis represents −log 10 (P value) for the association of SNP with liver enzymes. Q–Q plots are illustrated to show the inflation of test statistics using the summary statistics of the liver enzyme GWAS. Where the x-axis represents the expected log (P value). The red line shows the expected results under the null association. Y-axis illustrates the observed log (P value). a MH plot based on ALP GWAS summary statistics. b MH plot based on ALT GWAS summary statistics. c MH plot based on GGT GWAS summary statistics. d Q–Q plots for ALP, e Q–Q plots for ALT, and f Q–Q plots for GGT. Inflation of test statistics was represented by lambda (λ) values.