Table 11.

Effect of dietary supplementation with pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ) and l-carnosine (LC) on the mRNA abundances (×10⁻⁴) of lipogenesis- and antioxidation-related genes in the thigh muscle of broiler chickens (n = 5)¹.

Item	Treatment				SEM	P-value
	PGZ, 0 mg/kg		PGZ, 15 mg/kg
	LC, 0 mg/kg	LC, 400 mg/kg	LC, 0 mg/kg	LC, 400 mg/kg		PGZ	LC	PGZ × LC
PPARγ	11.59	11.67	23.90	23.98	0.04	0.001	0.725	0.605
FABP3	3.98	4.00	5.48	5.01	0.25	0.033	0.594	0.568
PGC-1α	9.76	10.21	14.99	16.78	0.19	0.025	0.823	0.502
NRF2	5.69	8.62	5.34	10.67	0.35	0.769	0.004	0.357
SOD1	17.31	27.03	18.63	28.88	0.24	0.219	0.018	0.561
GPX4	2.93	3.37	3.21	2.99	0.38	0.647	0.721	0.604

PPARγ = peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; FABP3 = fatty acid-binding protein 3; PGC-1α = PPAR γ coactivator 1α; NRF2 = nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2; SOD1 = superoxide dismutase 1; GPX4 = glutathione peroxidase 4.