TABLE 2.
Quantitative lesion scoring and immunohistochemical expression of androgen receptor (AR) and heat shock protein (Hsp90) in the hepatic and renal tissues of rats in response to boldenone (BLD) and/or vitamin C (VC) treatment.
| Organ | Lesion and immunoexpression | Control | Vehicle control | VC | BLD | BLD + VC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liver | Areas | Central veins | 1.43 ± 0.26 | 1.46 ± 0.22 | 1.46 ± 0.23 | 1.48 ± 0.24 | 1.51 ± 0.25 |
| Sinusoidal spaces | 8.53 ± 0.90 | 8.31 ± 0.84 | 8.31 ± 1.12 | 12.75 a ± 1.09 | 11.10 a , b ± 0.50 | ||
| Portal blood vessels | 1.77 ± 0.09 | 1.79 ± 0.13 | 1.71 ± 0.10 | 3.21 a ± 0.50 | 2.56 a , b ± 0.33 | ||
| Lipidosis | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 3.44 a ± 1.44 | 2.13 a , b ± 0.94 | ||
| Peliosis hepatis | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 5.03 a ± 3.31 | 3.09 a , b ± 3.08 | ||
| AR | 5.66 ± 0.92 | 5.31 ± 0.43 | 5.44 ± 0.47 | 7.76 a ± 0.44 | 7.64 a ± 0.52 | ||
| Hsp90 | 7.52 ± 0.46 | 7.54 ± 0.52 | 7.59 ± 0.41 | 10.91 a ± 1.52 | 9.85 a , b ± 0.52 | ||
| Frequencies | Inflammatory infiltrate | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 13.45 a ± 5.07 | 8.00 a ± 3.94 | |
| Vacuolations | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 25.58 a ± 5.92 | 18.04 a , b ± 2.80 | ||
| Ballooning | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 9.59 a ± 5.09 | 6.88 a ± 4.94 | ||
| Pyknosis | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 4.24 a ± 1.57 | 1.31 a , b ± 1.15 | ||
| Necrosis | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 9.09 a ± 10.44 | 2.22 b ± 6.67 | ||
| Biliary hyperplasia | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 5.45 a ± 4.63 | 4.44 a ± 5.36 | ||
| Cholestasis | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 10.91 a ± 10.44 | 4.44 b ± 8.82 | ||
| Endothelial hypertrophy | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 12.73 a ± 10.09 | 4.44 b ± 8.82 | ||
| Kidney | Areas | AR | 9.36 ± 0.44 | 9.52 ± 0.37 | 9.34 ± 0.27 | 13.34 a ± 2.70 | 13.04 a ± 2.86 |
| Hsp90 | 11.97 ± 0.75 | 12.25 ± 0.82 | 11.73 ± 0.98 | 19.41 a ± 2.71 | 14.22 a ± 1.77 | ||
| Frequencies | Glomerular congestion | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 17.27 a ± 5.97 | 10.00 a , b ± 2.69 | |
| Glomerular atrophy | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 5.45 a ± 2.98 | 4.44 a ± 5.36 | ||
| Glomerular necrosis | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 5.82 a ± 4.31 | 4.00 a ± 5.50 | ||
| Glomerular sclerosis | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 1.82 a ± 2.60 | 2.22 a ± 3.07 | ||
| Tubular attenuation | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 14.98 a ± 3.56 | 7.56 a , b ± 1.45 | ||
| Tubular vacuolation | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 14.61 a ± 4.42 | 5.50 a , b ± 1.61 | ||
| Tubular pyknosis | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 4.75 a ± 1.55 | 2.83 a , b ± 1.69 | ||
| Tubular necrosis | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 2.50 a ± 0.84 | 0.68 a , b ± 0.66 | ||
| Cast formation | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 10.01 a ± 4.25 | 3.34 a , b ± 2.10 | ||
| Interstitial congestion | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 15.45 a ± 8.20 | 12.22 a ± 5.17 | ||
| Interstitial hemorrhage | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 3.91 a ± 2.30 | 1.89 b ± 2.89 | ||
| Interstitial inflammatory infiltrate | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 15.64 a ± 8.09 | 7.56 a , b ± 4.80 | ||
A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's Multiple Range test was used for statistical analysis, Values are mean ± SD for 5 samples/group.
a
Significantly different compared to the control group at p ≤ 0.05.
b
Significantly different from the BLD treated group at p ≤ 0.05.