Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics in training and validation cohorts.

Variable	Training cohort			Validation cohort
	HCs (n = 10)	BCa (n = 10)	P value	HCs (n = 80)	BCa (n = 80)	P value
							Sex			0.845			0.063
Male	8 (80%)	9 (90%)		56 (70%)	66 (82.5%)
Female	2 (20%)	1 (10%)		24 (30%)	14 (17.5%)
Age ± SD (years)	45.7 ± 14.0	61.4 ± 10.5	<0.001	47.4 ± 11.3	64.8 ± 12.5	<0.001
Hematuria degrees
Negative/trace		4 (40%)			31 (38.75%)
+/++		4 (40%)			26 (32.5%)
+++		2 (20%)			23 (28.75%)
Tumor Stage
pTa		5 (50%)			28 (35.0%)
pT1		4 (40%)			36 (45.0%)
pT2–pT4		1 (10%)			16 (20.0%)
Tumor Grade
Low		4 (40%)			35 (43.75%)
High		6 (60%)			45 (56.25%)

BCa, bladder cancer; HCs, healthy controls.

Data are given as n (%) unless otherwise noted.