Table 1.
Patients with and without delirium
| Variables | No delirium N = 887 |
Delirium N = 196 |
p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69 (61–77) | 78 (71–84) | < 0.01 |
| Female/male | 261/626 | 49/147 | 0.22 |
| APACHE II score | 14 (12–17) | 17 (14–20) | < 0.01 |
| Reasons for NIV | |||
| COPD exacerbation | 477 (53.8%) | 107 (54.6%) | 0.67 |
| Pneumonia | 184 (20.7%) | 48 (24.5%) | |
| ARDS | 63 (7.1%) | 11 (5.6%) | |
| Pulmonary cancer | 49 (5.5%) | 11 (5.6%) | |
| Interstitial lung disease | 22 (2.5%) | 6 (3.1%) | |
| Asthma | 14 (1.6%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Heart failure | 10 (1.1%) | 2 (1.0%) | |
| OHS | 11 (1.2%) | 2 (1.0%) | |
| Pulmonary embolism | 15 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Others | 42 (4.7%) | 8 (4.1%) | |
| Underlying disease | |||
| Hypertension | 335 (37.8%) | 86 (43.9%) | 0.12 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 180 (20.3%) | 51 (26.0%) | 0.08 |
| Chronic heart disease | 163 (18.4%) | 47 (24.0%) | 0.09 |
| Chronic liver disease | 36 (4.1%) | 4 (2.0%) | 0.21 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 30 (3.4%) | 11 (5.6%) | 0.15 |
| Variables collected before NIV | |||
| GCS | 15 (15–15) | 15 (14–15) | < 0.01 |
| HR, beats/min | 111 ± 23 | 112 ± 22 | 0.92 |
| RR, breaths/min | 30 (26–35) | 30 (26–35) | 0.75 |
| MAP, mmHg | 98 (87–111) | 92 (83–106) | < 0.01 |
| pH | 7.37 (7.29–7.45) | 7.34 (7.26–7.44) | < 0.01 |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 57 (35–77) | 58 (37–81) | 0.20 |
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 167 (127–224) | 168 (126–243) | 0.71 |
| Outcomes | |||
| NIV failure | 186 (21.0%) | 74 (37.8%) | < 0.01 |
| NIV duration, days | 3.7 (1.7–5.9) | 6.3 (2.7–11.0) | < 0.01 |
| ICU LOS, days | 6.0 (3.8–9.2) | 9.0 (4.8–15.2) | < 0.01 |
| Hospital LOS, days | 11.0 (6.8–17.0) | 14.5 (7.1–21.1) | < 0.01 |
| ICU mortality | 127 (14.3%) | 65 (33.2%) | < 0.01 |
| Hospital mortality | 151 (17.0%) | 73 (37.2%) | < 0.01 |
NIV noninvasive ventilation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ARDS acute respiratory disease syndrome, OHS obesity hypoventilation syndrome, GCS Glasgow coma scale, HR heart rate, RR respiratory rate, MAP mean arterial pressure, LOS length of stay