Table 2.
Results of multivariate analyses of risk factors for NIV failure, ICU mortality, and hospital mortality
| Variables | Overall cohort | COPD cohort | Non-COPD cohort | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | p | OR (95%CI) | p | OR (95%CI) | p | |
| Risk factors for NIV failure | ||||||
| Delirium | 1.97 (1.34–2.88) | < 0.01 | 2.33 (1.27–4.30) | < 0.01 | 1.84 (1.13–2.99) | 0.02 |
| APACHE II score | 1.08 (1.03–1.12) | < 0.01 | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | 0.02 | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | < 0.01 |
| GCS | 0.78 (0.66–0.91) | < 0.01 | – | – | – | – |
| RR, breaths/min | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | 0.02 | – | – | – | – |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 0.975 (0.968–0.982) | < 0.01 | – | – | – | – |
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 0.996 (0.993–0.998) | < 0.01 | – | – | 0.995 (0.992–0.998) | < 0.01 |
| Age, years | – | – | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | < 0.01 | – | – |
| HR, beats/min | – | – | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.04 | – | – |
| Diabetes mellitus | – | – | – | – | 0.57 (0.36–0.91) | 0.02 |
| Risk factors for ICU mortality | ||||||
| Delirium | 2.58 (1.74–3.84) | < 0.01 | 3.64 (1.89–7.01) | < 0.01 | 2.16 (1.31–3.56) | < 0.01 |
| APACHE II score | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | 0.01 | 1.18 (1.09–1.28) | < 0.01 | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | 0.03 |
| GCS | 0.77 (0.65–0.91) | < 0.01 | – | – | – | – |
| RR, breaths/min | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | < 0.01 | – | – | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.03 |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 0.978 (0.970–0.985) | < 0.01 | – | – | – | – |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 0.998 (0.995–1.000) | 0.04 | – | – | 0.997 (0.994–1.000) | 0.04 |
| Age, years | – | – | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | 0.03 | – | – |
| Risk factors for hospital mortality | ||||||
| Delirium | 2.55 (1.74–3.75) | < 0.01 | 3.34 (1.81–6.18) | < 0.01 | 2.11 (1.29–3.45) | < 0.01 |
| APACHE II score | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | < 0.01 | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | 0.02 | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | < 0.01 |
| HR, beats/min | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.05 | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 0.01 | – | – |
| RR, breaths/min | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | 0.03 | – | – | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.02 |
| GCS | 0.82 (0.67–0.97) | 0.02 | – | – | – | – |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 0.975 (0.968–0.983) | < 0.01 | – | – | – | – |
| PaO2/FiO2 | – | – | – | – | 0.997 (0.995–1.000) | 0.05 |
| Age, years | – | – | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | < 0.01 | – | – |
NIV = noninvasive ventilation, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence internal, GCS = Glasgow coma scale, HR = heart rate, RR = respiratory rate, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Delirium, sex, age, underlying disease, APACHE II score, GCS scores, heart rate, respiratory rate, pH, PaCO2, and PaO2/FiO2 were entered into multivariate analyses to identify independent risk factors for NIV failure, ICU mortality, and hospital mortality