FIGURE 2.

(A) ELISA showed that the concentration of S1P in the plasma was significantly increased on days 1 (p < 0.05) and 3 (p < 0.05) after ICH. The concentration of S1P in the brain was similarly significantly increased 1 day (p < 0.05) and 3 days (p < 0.05) after ICH (n = 3 rats). (B) RT‐PCR showed that the transcriptional level of S1PR1 mRNA was reduced, and the expression level of S1PR3 mRNA was markedly increased on days 1 and 3 after ICH compared with sham treatment (n = 3 rats,* indicates p < 0.05, # indicates p < 0.01). (C) Double immunofluorescence staining showed that S1PR3 colocalized with GFAP, NeuN, Iba‐1, and CD‐31, which suggests that S1PR3‐expressing cells originate from a wide range of sources, including astrocytes, neurons, microglia, and vascular endothelial cells. (D) S1PR3 colocalization with other cells increased markedly after ICH (n = 6 rats, # indicates p < 0.01). (E) The level of S1PR3 increased significantly after cerebral hemorrhage (n = 4 rats, p < 0.05)[Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]