Summary of main substances related to reduced NPs uptake.

	Stimuli			Particles				Cell types	Summary of effects	Ref.
	Types	Concentration	Exp. time	Material	Size	Concentration	Exp. time
Inflammatory molecules
Cytokines	IL-4, IL-13	2–6 ng mL−1	48 h	Neisseria, E.coli, zymosan	n/a	100 per cell	2 h	Mouse peritoneal macrophages	IL-4 and IL-13 ↓ uptake of bacteria and zymosan via IL-4/IL-13 receptors	362
	IL-4	10 ng mL−1	48 h	YG™	1 μm	108 mL−1	0.5 h	Primary BM mononuclear cells	IL-4 ↓ phagocytosis of YG beads in macrophages	364
		20 ng mL−1	48 h	B-lymphoma cells	n/a	106 mL−1	n/a	Human macrophages	IL-4 ↓ phagocytosis of rituximab opsonized lymphoma cells by macrophages	365
Co-exposure with different nanoparticles
Nano-particles	SiO2	10–250 μg mL−1	24–72 h	Fe3O4	20–30 nm	10–250 μg mL−1	24–72 h	A549	Effect on NPs uptake unknown; ↓ ROS and toxicity in co-exposure	367
Surface modification
Proteins	HSA	100 μM	n/a	DHLA-QDs	5 nm	10 nM	2 h	HeLa	HSA ↓ DHLA-QDs endocytosis	418
	FBS	0, 10, 55%	n/a	SiO2–PEG–Tf	50 nm	50 μg mL−1	1–8 h	A549	FBS proteins ↓ TfR targeting for Tf-conjugated NPs	272
Polyethylene-glycol	Amino-PEG	10.000 g mol−1	n/a	PS	30, 50, 100 nm	1013–1015 mL−1	8–24 h	Primary BMDM	Amino-PEG coating ↓ PS NPs uptake	292
	PEG	n/a	n/a	FePt, Fe3O4	4–11 nm	5–10 nM	12 h	NIH/3T3	PEGylation ↓ uptake of the NPs for 10%	375
	Thiolated-PEG	50 PEG per nm2 Au	n/a	Au	15 nm	20 nM	1–24 h	A549	Thiolated-PEG ↓ uptake of Au NPs	128
Surface markers	CD47	n/a	n/a	PS	30, 50, 100 nm	1013–1015 mL−1	8–24 h	BMDM	↓ phagocytosis of PS NPs, coated with CD47	292
		21 μm−2 bead	n/a	Streptavidin–PS	100, 160, 1100, 3500 nm	n/a	3/4 h	THP-1	CD47 ↓ phagocytosis of streptavidin–PS by signalling through the phagocyte receptor SIRPα	398
Bio-inspired molecules
Bacterial proteins	Yersinia (Yop)	400 μg mL−1	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	HeLa	YopE ↓ internalization of bacteria by ↓ PI3K/AKT pathway	419
		n/a	1 h	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Murine BMDC	YopE, YopH and YopT ↓ uptake of bacteria by actin fibers destruction	408
		n/a	1 h	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	J774A.1	YopH ↓ internalization of bacteria via ↓ PI3K/AKT pathway	407
	Streptococcus (Sic)	10 μg mL−1	1 h	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	PMN	Sic ↓ phagocytosis of bacteria	409
Viral proteins	Herpes virus (K14)	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	MDM	K14 ↓ macrophage activation by interacting with human CD200R; unknown effect on uptake	420
Fatty acids	Oleic, stearic, α-linoleic	500 μM	n/a	ZnO	22 nm	4 μg mL−1	6 h	THP-1	FFA ↓ the NPs uptake and alter NPs–cell interactions	411
Others
Chloroquine	n/a	20–400 μM	n/a	Albumin, lyposome, PS, silicon	14–264 nm	Albumin: 20 μg mL−1; liposomes: 200–400 μM; PS: 3 × 109 mL−1; silicon: 6 × 107 mL−1	3–6 h	J774A.1, RAW264.7, Kupffer cells MDA-MB-231, MIA PaCa-2, H358 lung cancer cells	Chloroquine ↓ NPs uptake via clathrin-mediated endocytosis by ↓ PICALM expression	179