Table 1.
Study characteristics.
| Study | Year of publication | Country of origin of cases | Study type | Total number of patients | Age | Sex | Diabetes | HbA1C | CrAg status and how diagnosis was made | Manifestation | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anto et al.22 | 2020 | India (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 64 | F | yes | Blood and urine cultures were positive and nucleotide sequencing confirmed as C. neoformans var. grubii | Meningitis | Dead | |
| Kalyango et al.23 | 2020 | Uganda (Africa) | Case report | 1 | 59 | M | Yes | 9.3% | Sputum culture | Pulmonary | Alive |
| Acharya et al.24 | 2020 | USA (North America) | Case report | 1 | 61 | F | Yes | 9 mmol/mol | Lumbar puncture | Meningitis | Alive |
| Zitun et al.25 | 2020 | USA (North America) | Case report | 1 | 66 | M | Yes | Positive serum CrAg | Pleural | Alive | |
| Wan et al.26 | 2020 | China (Asia) | Retrospective (2013–2017) | 15 | Yes 3/15 | Positive CSF CrAg, culture | Meningitis | alive | |||
| Owuor27 | 2019 | Kenya (Africa) | Case report | 1 | 27 | F | yes | India ink on 2 CSF samples | Meningitis | Alive | |
| Badami et al.28 | 2019 | USA (North America) | Case report | 1 | 68 | M | Yes | 6.0% | Positive CSF CrAg, transbronchial biopsy | Disseminated | Alive |
| Jha et al.29 | 2019 | India (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 56 | M | Yes | 6.4% | CSF gram staining, India ink and culture | Meningitis | Dead |
| Ikumi et al.30 | 2016 | Japan (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 72 | F | Yes | Blood and CSF culture | Meningitis | Alive | |
| De Oliveira Nunes et al.31 | 2016 | Brazil (South America) | Case report | 1 | 69 | M | Yes | Blood culture and BAL culture | Pulmonary | Alive | |
| Sung et al.32 | 2015 | South Korea (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 32 | M | Yes | 10.9% | Percutaneous supraclavicular lymph node core needle biopsy. | Pulmonary | Alive |
| Chen et al.33 | 2015 | China (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 71 | M | Yes | blood culture | Disseminated | Alive | |
| Ho et al.34 | 2015 | China (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 73 | M | Yes | Operative debridement | Cutaneous | Alive | |
| Koike et al.35 | 2014 | Japan (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 79 | M | Yes | CSF culture | Meningitis | Alive | |
| Messina et al.16 | 2014 | Argentina (South America) | Retrospective (2008–2011) | 182 | Yes 14/182 | CSF culture | Meningitis | 12/14 dead | |||
| Poojary et al.18 | 2014 | India (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 48 | M | Yes | Culture of tissue on Sabouraud dextrose agar | Disseminated | Alive | |
| Sugita et al.36 | 2014 | Japan (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 71 | M | Yes | Fibre optic bronchoscopy ,and biopsy | Pulmonary | Alive | |
| Raheja et al.37 | 2012 | USA (North America) | Case report | 1 | 54 | M | yes | Positive CSF CrAg | Meningitis | Alive | |
| Shoji et al.38 | 2012 | Japan (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 68 | M | Yes | India ink staining of CSF | Meningitis | Alive | |
| Araujo et al.39 | 2012 | Brazil (South America ) | Case report | 1 | 51 | M | Yes | Positive serum CrAg, incision ,biopsy and culture of biopsy | Peritonitis | Alive | |
| Kurahara et al.40 | 2011 | Japan (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 57 | M | yes | Positive CrAg, transbronchial lung biopsy | Pulmonary | Alive | |
| Juhi et al.41 | 2009 | India (Asia) | Retrospective (2004–2007) | 7 | Yes 2/7 | CSF India ink, gram stain, culture | Meningitis | ½ dead | |||
| Huang et al.42 | 2005 | China (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 69 | M | Yes | Transthoracic needle biopsy | Pulmonary | Alive | |
| Tanigawa et al.43 | 2004 | Japan (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 65 | M | yes | Transbronchial lung biopsy | Pulmonary | Alive | |
| Prasad et al.44 | 2003 | India (Asia) | Retrospective (1996–2001) | 45 | Yes 4/45 | CSF culture | Meningitis | ¼ dead | |||
| Karpinsky et al.45 | 1998 | USA (North America) | Case report | 1 | 60 | M | Yes | Lumbar puncture | Meningitis | Dead | |
| Vaidya et al.46 | 1991 | USA (North America) | Case report | 1 | 54 | F | Yes | Fine-needle aspirate and culture; blood culture | Thyroidal | Dead | |
| Liu et al.47 | 1991 | Taiwan (Asia) | Case report | 1 | 62 | F | Yes | Positive serum CrAg, biopsy | Adrenal | Alive |
BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; CrAg, cryptococcal antigen; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; F, female; M, male; SDA, Sabouraud dextrose agar.